Constraining the Baryon fraction in the warm hot intergalactic medium at low Redshifts with Planck data
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain)
- Física Teórica, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca (Spain)
We cross-correlate foreground cleaned Planck Nominal cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps with two templates constructed from the Two-Micron All-Sky Redshift Survey of galaxies. The first template traces the large-scale filamentary distribution characteristic of the Warm–Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) out to ∼90 h{sup −1} Mpc. The second preferentially traces the virialized gas in unresolved halos around galaxies. We find a marginal signal from the correlation of Planck data and the WHIM template with a signal to noise from 0.84 to 1.39 at the different Planck frequencies, and with a frequency dependence compatible with the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect. When we restrict our analysis to the 60% of the sky outside the plane of the Galaxy and known point sources and galaxy clusters, the cross-correlation at zero lag is 0.064±0.051 μK. The correlation extends out to ≈6{sup ∘}, which at the median depth of our template corresponds to a physical length of ∼6−−8 h{sup −1} Mpc. On the same fraction of the sky, the cross-correlation of the CMB data with the second template is <0.17 μK (95% C.L.), providing no statistically significant evidence of a contribution from bound gas to the previous result. This limit translates into a physical constraint on the properties of the shock-heated WHIM of a log-normal model describing the weakly nonlinear density field. We find that our upper limit is compatible with a fraction of 45% of all baryons residing in filaments at overdensities ∼1–100 and with temperatures in the range 10{sup 4.5}−−10{sup 7.5} K, in agreement with the detection at redshift z∼0.5 of Van Waerbeke et al..
- OSTI ID:
- 22883077
- Journal Information:
- Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 806, Issue 1; Other Information: Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Since 2009, the country of publication for this journal is the UK.; ISSN 0004-637X
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
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