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The evolution of far-infrared co emission from protostars

Journal Article · · Astrophysical Journal
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]; ;  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8]
  1. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005 (India)
  2. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, OH 43606 (United States)
  4. The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Astronomy, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205 (United States)
  5. Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg (Germany)
  6. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300-RA Leiden (Netherlands)
  7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 (United States)
  8. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States)
We investigate the evolution of far-IR CO emission from protostars observed with Herschel/PACS for 50 sources from the combined sample of HOPS and DIGIT Herschel key programs. From the uniformly sampled spectral energy distributions, whose peaks are well sampled, we computed the L{sub bol}, T{sub bol}, and L{sub bol}/L{sub smm} for these sources to search for correlations between far-IR CO emission and protostellar properties. We find a strong and tight correlation between far-IR CO luminosity (L{sub CO}{sup fir}) and the bolometric luminosity (L{sub bol}) of the protostars with L{sub CO}{sup fir} ∝L{sub bol}{sup  0.7}. We, however, do not find a strong correlation between L{sub CO}{sup fir} and protostellar evolutionary indicators, T{sub bol} and L{sub bol}/L{sub smm}. FIR CO emission from protostars traces the currently shocked gas by jets/outflows, and far-IR CO luminosity, L{sub CO}{sup fir}, is proportional to the instantaneous mass-loss rate, M-dot {sub out}. The correlation between L{sub CO}{sup fir} and L{sub bol}, then, is indicative of instantaneous M-dot {sub out} tracking instantaneous M-dot {sub acc}. The lack of a correlation between L{sub CO}{sup fir} and evolutionary indicators T{sub bol} and L{sub bol}/L{sub smm} suggests that M-dot {sub out} and, therefore, M-dot {sub acc} do not show any clear evolutionary trend. These results are consistent with mass accretion/ejection in protostars being episodic. Taken together with the previous finding that the time-averaged mass-ejection/accretion rate declines during the protostellar phase, our results suggest that the instantaneous accretion/ejection rate of protostars is highly time variable and episodic, but the amplitude and/or frequency of this variability decreases with time such that the time-averaged accretion/ejection rate declines with system age.
OSTI ID:
22868529
Journal Information:
Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 831; ISSN ASJOAB; ISSN 0004-637X
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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