Scaling relations in coronal mass ejections and energetic proton events associated with solar superflares

Journal Article · Sat Dec 10 04:00:00 EST 2016 · Astrophysical Journal Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/833/1/L8· OSTI ID:22868401

Takahashi, Takuya; Shibata, Kazunari ^[1]; Mizuno, Yoshiyuki ^[2]

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1. Kwasan and Hida Observatories, Kyoto University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8471 (Japan)
2. Faculty for the Study of Contemporary Society, Kyoto Women’s University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-8501 (Japan)

In order to discuss the potential impact of solar “superflares” on space weather, we investigated statistical relations among energetic proton peak flux with energy higher than 10 MeV (F {sub p}), CME speed near the Sun (V {sub CME}) obtained by Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/LASCO coronagraph, and flare soft X-ray peak flux in the 1–8 Å band (F {sub SXR}) during 110 major solar proton events recorded from 1996 to 2014. The linear regression fit results in the scaling relations V{sub CME}∝F{sub SXR}{sup α}, F{sub p}∝F{sub SXR}{sup β}, and F{sub p}∝V{sub CME}{sup γ} with α = 0.30 ± 0.04, β = 1.19 ± 0.08, and γ = 4.35 ± 0.50, respectively. On the basis of simple physical assumptions, on the other hand, we derive scaling relations expressing CME mass (M {sub CME}), CME speed, and energetic proton flux in terms of total flare energy (E {sub flare}) as M{sub CME}∝E{sub flare}{sup 2/3}, V{sub CME}∝E{sub flare}{sup 1/6}, and F{sub p}∝E{sub flare}{sup 5/6}∝V{sub CME}{sup 5}, respectively. We then combine the derived scaling relations with observation and estimated the upper limit of V {sub CME} and F {sub p} to be associated with possible solar superflares.

• OSTI ID: 22868401
• Journal Information: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Journal Name: Astrophysical Journal Letters Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 833; ISSN 2041-8205
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
MASS
MEV RANGE
SCALING LAWS
SOFT X RADIATION
SOLAR FLARES
SOLAR PROTONS
SUN