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A Review of Biodegradable Plastics: Chemistry, Applications, Properties, and Future Research Needs

Journal Article · · Chemical Reviews
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [3];  [6];  [2];  [2]
  1. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); University of Wisconsin─Madison Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
  2. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
  3. Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
  4. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), Urbana, IL (United States)
  5. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Madison, WI (United States); Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), Urbana, IL (United States)
  6. Amcor, Neenah, WI (United States). Neenah Innovation Center
+ Show Author Affiliations

Environmental concerns over waste plastics’ effect on the environment are leading to the creation of biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics may serve as a promising approach to manage the issue of environmental accumulation of plastic waste in the ocean and soil. Biodegradable plastics are the type of polymers that can be degraded by microorganisms into small molecules (e.g., H2O, CO2, and CH4). However, there are misconceptions surrounding biodegradable plastics. For example, the term “biodegradable” on product labeling can be misconstrued by the public to imply that the product will degrade under any environmental conditions. Such misleading information leads to consumer encouragement of excessive consumption of certain goods and increased littering of products labeled as “biodegradable”. Here this review not only provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art biodegradable plastics but also clarifies the definitions and various terms associated with biodegradable plastics, including oxo-degradable plastics, enzyme-mediated plastics, and biodegradation agents. Analytical techniques and standard test methods to evaluate the biodegradability of polymeric materials in alignment with international standards are summarized. The review summarizes the properties and industrial applications of previously developed biodegradable plastics and then discusses how biomass-derived monomers can create new types of biodegradable polymers by utilizing their unique chemical properties from oxygen-containing functional groups. The terminology and methodologies covered in the paper provide a perspective on directions for the design of new biodegradable polymers that possess not only advanced performance for practical applications but also environmental benefits.

Research Organization:
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO)
Grant/Contract Number:
EE0009305; SC0018420
OSTI ID:
2283546
Journal Information:
Chemical Reviews, Journal Name: Chemical Reviews Journal Issue: 16 Vol. 123; ISSN 0009-2665
Publisher:
American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
biodegradation
degradation
plastics
polymers
soils