Skip to main content
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Measurement and reduction of Ar metastable densities by nitrogen admixing in electron beam-generated plasmas

Journal Article · · Plasma Sources Science and Technology
Abstract

Electron beam (e-beam) generated plasmas are useful for material processing applications such as deposition and etching because the plasmas deliver a large fluence of very low energy of ions to surfaces. Metastable species produced in the beam-region can also transport significant energy to the plasma periphery and surfaces. In this work, we have investigated the spatially resolved density of metastable Ar 1s 5 species produced in an Ar and Ar/N 2 e-beam generated plasma at pressures of 60–67 mTorr using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The experiments provide the first direct measure of absolute density and reduction of Ar 1s 5 in an e-beam generated plasma when argon is diluted with nitrogen. These results are consistent with previous predictions of numerical modeling and measurements using optical emission spectroscopy. The present spatially resolved LIF measurements directly quantify the reduction of Ar 1s 5 in the e-beam generated plasma by nitrogen admixing. This reduction was observed in the region of the electron beam and in the plasma periphery, where substrates are usually placed. For example, up to a threefold reduction of the density of Ar 1s 5 was measured when the argon background was diluted with 15.5% nitrogen at pressure of 60 mTorr. Ar 1s 5 reduction is attributed to excitation exchange with nitrogen molecules as well as the cooling of plasma electrons via inelastic collisions with nitrogen molecules.

Research Organization:
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-09CH11466
OSTI ID:
2283484
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 2282119
Journal Information:
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Journal Name: Plasma Sources Science and Technology Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 32; ISSN 0963-0252
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English

References (74)

Soft vacuum processing of materials with electron beams journal May 1975
Der Niedervoltbogen journal September 1930
Quantitative laser-induced fluorescence of CH in atmospheric pressure flames journal June 2003
A comprehensive model for the quantification of linear and nonlinear regime laser-induced fluorescence of OH under A2Σ+←X2Π(1,0) excitation journal August 2010
Surface processes in digital etching of GaAs journal March 1993
On the use of non-hydrogenic spectral line profiles for electron density diagnostics of inductively coupled plasmas journal December 1997
Kinetic processes for laser induced plasma diagnostic: A collisional-radiative model approach journal August 2010
Plasma enhanced surface treatments using electron beam-generated plasmas journal November 2004
The spatial profile of density in electron beam generated plasmas journal February 2014
Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy book January 1997
Characterization of plasma and gas-phase chemistry during boron-nitride nanomaterial synthesis by laser-ablation of boron-rich targets journal January 2020
A Guide to Laser-Induced Fluorescence Diagnostics in Plasmas journal October 1997
Digital etching of GaAs: New approach of dry etching to atomic ordered processing journal April 1990
Quenching rate constants for reactions of Ar(4p′[1/2]0, 4p[1/2]0, 4p[3/2]2, and 4p[5/2]2) atoms with 22 reagent gases journal August 2001
Electron energy deposition in an electron-beam pumped KrF amplifier: Impact of beam power and energy journal March 2002
Laser induced fluorescence in Ar and He plasmas with a tunable diode laser journal October 2003
Laser induced fluorescence in a pulsed argon plasma journal February 2005
Measurement of ion energy distributions using a combined energy and mass analyzer journal August 2007
A numerical model and scaling relationship for energetic electron beams propagating in air journal September 2008
Laser induced fluorescence of the ferroelectric plasma source assisted hollow anode discharge journal November 2009
Glow-discharge-created electron beams: Cathode materials, electron gun designs, and technological applications journal August 1984
High-energy electron beam deposition and plasma velocity distribution in partially ionized N2 journal January 1990
High-current diode with ferroelectric plasma source-assisted hollow anode journal November 2010
Two‐dimensional laser‐induced fluorescence imaging of metastable density in low‐pressure radio frequency argon plasmas with added O 2 , Cl 2 , and CF 4 journal January 1996
Spatially resolved, excited state densities and neutral and ion temperatures in inductively coupled argon plasmas journal September 1996
Spatial density distributions of C2, C3, and CH radicals by laser-induced fluorescence in a diamond depositing dc-arcjet journal September 1997
Energy transfer from argon resonance states to nitrogen, hydrogen, and nitric oxide journal September 1975
Rate constants and quenching mechanisms for the metastable states of argon, krypton, and xenon journal November 1978
Measurements of population densities of metastable and resonant levels of argon using laser induced fluorescence journal January 2015
An investigation of Ar metastable state density in low pressure dual-frequency capacitively coupled argon and argon-diluted plasmas journal January 2015
A novel laser-induced fluorescence scheme for Ar-I in a plasma journal January 2016
Electron beam-generated Ar/N2 plasmas: The effect of nitrogen addition on the brightest argon emission lines journal April 2016
ArI/ArII laser induced fluorescence system for measurement of neutral and ion dynamics in a large scale helicon plasma journal October 2016
Floating potential of emitting surfaces in plasmas with respect to the space potential journal March 2018
On limitations of laser-induced fluorescence diagnostics for xenon ion velocity distribution function measurements in Hall thrusters journal March 2018
Argon metastable and resonant level densities in Ar and Ar/Cl2 discharges used for the processing of bulk niobium journal September 2019
Measurements of ion velocity and density in the plasma sheath journal June 1992
Electron beam assisted chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 journal October 1983
Ar metastable densities (3P2) in the effluent of a filamentary atmospheric pressure plasma jet with humidified feed gas journal February 2021
Absolute calibration of atomic density measurements by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy with two-photon excitation journal July 2001
An update of argon inelastic cross sections for plasma discharges journal May 2005
Measurement of the electron density in atmospheric-pressure low-temperature argon discharges by line-ratio method of optical emission spectroscopy journal June 2009
A simple collisional–radiative model for low-temperature argon discharges with pressure ranging from 1 Pa to atmospheric pressure: kinetics of Paschen 1s and 2p levels journal December 2009
Probe measurements of electron-energy distributions in plasmas: what can we measure and how can we achieve reliable results? journal June 2011
Absolute calibration of OH density in a nanosecond pulsed plasma filament in atmospheric pressure He–H 2 O: comparison of independent calibration methods journal October 2013
Plasma density evolution during nanosecond discharge in hydrogen gas at (1–3) × 10 5 Pa pressure journal May 2014
The grand challenges of plasma etching: a manufacturing perspective journal June 2014
Global model for plasmas generated by electron beams in low-pressure nitrogen journal September 2014
Determination of the electron-impact transfer rate coefficients between the Ar(1s) states in an afterglow discharge journal November 2014
Analysis of secondary electron emission for conducting materials using 4-grid LEED/AES optics journal March 2015
Electron-impact emission cross sections of Ar journal May 1996
B-spline calculations of oscillator strengths in neutral argon journal April 2006
Laser Rayleigh scattering journal April 2001
Experimental and theoretical evaluations of electron temperature in continuous electron beam generated plasmas journal March 2008
An electron-beam plasma source and geometry for plasma processing journal May 1993
Controlling the electron energy distribution function of electron beam generated plasmas with molecular gas concentration: I. Experimental results journal October 2013
Controlling the electron energy distribution function of electron beam generated plasmas with molecular gas concentration: II. Numerical modeling journal October 2013
End-boundary sheath potential, electron and ion energy distribution in the low-pressure non-ambipolar electron plasma journal November 2013
Nanosecond pulsed humid Ar plasma jet in air: shielding, discharge characteristics and atomic hydrogen production journal September 2017
Laser induced fluorescence of Ar-I metastables in the presence of a magnetic field journal June 2018
Measurements of argon metastable density using the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy in Ar and Ar/O 2 journal June 2018
Imprisonment of Resonance Radiation in Gases. II journal September 1951
Unified set of atomic transition probabilities for neutral argon journal March 1989
Measurement of electron-impact excitation into the 3 p 5 4 p levels of argon using Fourier-transform spectroscopy journal January 1998
Measurement of electron-impact excitation cross sections out of metastable levels of argon and comparison with ground-state excitation journal April 1999
Spectroscopic study of plasma evolution in runaway nanosecond atmospheric-pressure He discharges journal July 2013
Spatially Resolved Measurements of Argon Metastable $(1{\rm s}_{5})$ Density in a High Pressure Microdischarge Using Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy journal June 2009
Plasma atomic layer etching using conventional plasma equipment journal January 2009
One-dimensional Ar-SF 6 hydromodel at low-pressure in e-beam generated plasmas
  • Petrov, George M.; Boris, David R.; Petrova, Tzvetelina B.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4940885
journal March 2016
Electron-beam controlled radio frequency discharges for plasma processing
  • Kushner, Mark J.; Collison, Wenli Z.; Ruzic, David N.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.580086
journal July 1996
New high current low energy ion source
  • Hara, T.; Hamagaki, M.; Sanda, A.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.583904
journal January 1987
Electronic excitation of Ar atoms to metastable states and from metastable to higher states journal October 2004
New Etching System with a Large Diameter Using Electron Beam Excited Plasma journal December 1992
Electron Beam Generated Plasmas for Ultra Low T e Processing journal January 2015

Similar Records

Spatial profile of argon (1s5) metastables in an electron beam generated plasma
Journal Article · Sun Nov 23 19:00:00 EST 2025 · Plasma Sources Science and Technology · OSTI ID:3006375

Characterization of an RF-driven argon plasma at atmospheric pressure using broadband absorption and optical emission spectroscopy
Journal Article · Sun Dec 27 19:00:00 EST 2020 · Journal of Applied Physics · OSTI ID:1787633