On legitimacy in impact assessment: An epistemologically-based conceptualisation
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (United Kingdom)
- Integral Sustainability (Australia)
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University (South Africa)
Highlights: • Impact assessment (IA) has lost its roots in provision of reliable evidence. • IA is theoretically position ontologically and epistemologically • Theory is used to examine the understanding of legitimacy and finds it to be inadequate. • Recent political decisions show knowledge is missing from understanding of legitimacy. • Knowledge legitimacy is conceptualised to redress the current misunderstandings. - Abstract: Impact assessment (IA) is carried out as an ex ante process to inform decision-making. It includes requirements for engagement with stakeholders (including the public) regarding actions proposed by a proponent. A key issue with the various stakeholders involved is the perceived legitimacy of the IA, which can have implications both for the reputation of the proponent, and the likelihood of conflict over the decision. But the understanding of legitimacy in the IA literature has changed over time in line with an ontological shift from positivism (that scientifically generated information leads to better informed decisions) to the post-positivist acknowledgement of the limitations of scientific method whereby assumptions must be subject to transparency, deliberation and openness. This has led to an epistemological shift towards greater subjectivism which, we suggest, has created new opportunities (which have been realised in political decision-making) to subvert knowledge through the increased use of the Internet and social media. To address the potential for such subversion of legitimacy, we seek to conceptualise legitimacy in the IA context through framing IA around a critical realist ontology and a reliabilist virtue epistemology. This allows us to identify ‘knowledge legitimacy’ as an equally important component of IA legitimacy along with organisational legitimacy. We conceptualise knowledge legitimacy through literature review drawing on rich understandings of knowledge from IA and other fields of research in order to develop a four-dimensional typology. This includes the dimensions of: knowledge accuracy; knowledge restriction; knowledge diffusion; and knowledge spectrum. This is the first theoretically grounded attempt to understand legitimacy in IA. It is hoped that it will provoke discussion in the IA community to further advance theoretical understandings of IA and legitimacy of practice.
- OSTI ID:
- 22826042
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Journal Name: Environmental Impact Assessment Review Vol. 69; ISSN 0195-9255; ISSN EIARDK
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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