Introduction to the special topic on inertial confinement fusion diagnostics

Batha, Steven H.

doi:10.1063/5.0188639

Introduction to the special topic on inertial confinement fusion diagnostics

Journal Article · Wed Jan 03 04:00:00 EST 2024 · Review of Scientific Instruments

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0188639· OSTI ID:2281528

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Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

In the first decade of the 21st century, the United States began operating three leading Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) and High-Energy Density Physics (HEDP) facilities. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) began its quest to first surpass the Lawson Criterion and then reach thermonuclear ignition and thermonuclear gain. The Omega EP (Extended Performance) laser provides unprecedented energy, reliability, and consistency for petawatt (PW)-class laser experiments. The Omega laser continues to support over 1000 ICF and HEDP experiments each year. The Z pulsed power machine is a Z-pinch plasma confinement device that was refurbished to increase current drive and improve reliability. The extreme states of matter created in these new facilities required advancement of many technologies. The most important among these was the significant improvement in instrumentation capabilities needed to diagnose plasma conditions and resulting nuclear products. The instruments needed a better temporal, spatial, and energy resolution. They also needed to be hardened against EMP and radiation. Typical events in an ICF implosion include compressing the deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel to greater than 60 g/cm³ and heating the DT to a temperature greater than 10 keV (110 000 000 K). The DT atoms react to produce 14 MeV neutrons from a volume with a radius of ~30 μm. When the fuel ignites, the DT burn prop agates into cold fuel and the neutron-emitting region can reach sizes of over 200 μm. Furthermore, the burn typically lasts less than 150 ps, but the burn duration will decrease as the DT yield increases. Burn durations as short as 90 ps have been recorded and are predicted to decrease still further to 20 ps. X-ray imaging diagnostics are needed to measure the acceleration and velocity of the capsule enclosing the DT, where the implosion velocities can reach over 400 km/s.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Programs (DP)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2281528

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--23-32448

Journal Information:: Review of Scientific Instruments, Journal Name: Review of Scientific Instruments Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 95; ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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