Reaction Layer Formation on MgO in the Presence of Humidity

Bracco, Jacquelyn N.; Camacho Meneses, Gabriela; Colón, Omar; Yuan, Ke; Stubbs, Joanne E.; Eng, Peter J.; Wanhala, Anna K.; Einkauf, Jeffrey D.; Boebinger, Matthew G.; Stack, Andrew G.; Weber, Juliane

doi:10.1021/acsami.3c14823

Title: Reaction Layer Formation on MgO in the Presence of Humidity

Journal Article · Fri Dec 29 00:00:00 EST 2023 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c14823· OSTI ID:2281110

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City Univ. of New York (CUNY), NY (United States). Queens College
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)

Mineralization by MgO is an attractive potential strategy for direct air capture (DAC) of CO₂ due to its tendency to form carbonate phases upon exposure to water and CO₂. Hydration of MgO during this process is typically assumed to not be rate limiting, even at ambient temperatures. However, surface passivation by hydrated phases likely reduces the CO₂ capture capacity. Here, we examine the initial hydration reactions that occur on MgO(100) surfaces to determine whether they could potentially impact CO₂ uptake. We first used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to explore changes in reaction layers in water (pH = 6 and 12) and MgO-saturated solution (pH = 11) and found the reaction layers on MgO are heterogeneous and nonuniform. To determine how relative humidity (R.H.) affects reactivity, we reacted samples at room temperature in nominally dry N₂ (~11–12% R.H.) for up to 12 h, in humid (>95% R.H.) N₂ for 5, 10, and 15 min, and in air at 33 and 75% R.H. for 8 days. X-ray reflectivity and electron microscopy analysis of the samples reveal that hydrated phases form rapidly upon exposure to humid air, but the growth of the hydrated reaction layer slows after its initial formation. Reaction layer thickness is strongly correlated with R.H., with denser reaction layers forming in 75% R.H. compared with 33% R.H. or nominally dry N₂. The reaction layers are likely amorphous or poorly crystalline based on grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements. After exposure to 75% R.H. in air for 8 days, the reaction layer increases in density as compared to the sample reacted in humid N₂ for 5–15 min. Further, this may represent an initial step toward the crystallization of the reaction layer. Overall, high R.H. favors the formation of a hydrated, disordered layer on MgO. Based on our results, DAC in a location with a higher R.H. will be favorable, but growth may slow significantly from initial rates even on short timescales, presumably due to surface passivation.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division (CSGB); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0019108; AC02- 06CH11357; EAR-1634415

OSTI ID:: 2281110

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Vol. 16, Issue 1; ISSN 1944-8244

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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