Summertime Near-Surface Temperature Biases Over the Central United States in Convection-Permitting Simulations

Qin, Hongchen; Klein, Stephen A.; Ma, Hsi‐Yen; Van Weverberg, Kwinten; Feng, Zhe; Chen, Xiaodong; Best, Martin; Hu, Huancui; Leung, Lai-Yung Ruby; Morcrette, Cyril J.; Rumbold, Heather; Webster, Stuart

doi:10.1029/2023jd038624

Title: Summertime Near-Surface Temperature Biases Over the Central United States in Convection-Permitting Simulations

Journal Article · Fri Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jd038624· OSTI ID:2279176

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^[5]; Rumbold, Heather ^[4]; Webster, Stuart ^[4]

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Met Office, Exeter (United Kingdom); Ghent Univ. (Belgium); Royal Meteorological Institute, Brussels (Belgium)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Met Office, Exeter (United Kingdom)
Met Office, Exeter (United Kingdom); Univ. of Exeter, (United Kingdom)

Abstract Convection‐Permitting Model (CPM) simulations of the Central United States climate for the summer of 2011 are studied to understand the causes of warm biases in 2‐m air temperature (T _2m ) and related underestimates of precipitation including that from mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Based on 10 CPM simulations and 9 coarser‐resolution model simulations, we quantify contributions from evaporative fraction (EF) and radiation to the T _2m bias with both types of models overestimating T _2m largely because they underestimate EF. The performance of CPMs in capturing MCS characteristics (frequency, rainfall, propagation) varies. The pre‐summer precipitation bias has large correlation with mean summertime T _2m bias but the relationship between summertime MCS mean rainfall bias and T _2m bias is non‐monotonic. Analysis of lifting condensation level deficit and convective available potential energy suggests that models with T _2m warm biases and low EF have too dry and stable boundary layers, inhibiting the formation of clouds, precipitation and MCSs. Among the CPMs with differing model formulations (e.g., transpiration, infiltration, cloud macrophysics and microphysics), evidence suggests that altering the land‐surface model is more effective than altering the atmospheric model in reducing T _2m biases. These results demonstrate that land‐atmosphere interactions play a very important role in determining the summertime climate of the Central United States.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC52-07NA27344; DE‐AC52‐07NA27344; DE‐AC05‐76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2279176

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2217257

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-193769

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 128, Issue 22; ISSN 2169-897X

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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