Automotive airborne brake wear debris nanoparticles and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes: A pilot study
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03 Bratislava (Slovakia)
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava (Czech Republic)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, Southern Illinois University, Lincoln Drive 1263, 62901 Carbondale (United States)
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller (Norway)
Motor vehicle exhaust and non-exhaust processes play a significant role in environmental pollution, as they are a source of the finest particulate matter. Emissions from non-exhaust processes include wear-products of brakes, tires, automotive hardware, road surface, and traffic signs, but still are paid little attention to. Automotive friction composites for brake pads are composite materials which may consist of potentially hazardous materials and there is a lack of information regarding the potential influence of the brake wear debris (BWD) on the environment, especially on human health. Thus, we focused our study on the genotoxicity of the airborne fraction of BWD using a brake pad model representing an average low-metallic formulation available in the EU market. BWD was generated in the laboratory by a full-scale brake dynamometer and characterized by Raman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy showing that it contains nano-sized crystalline metal-based particles. Genotoxicity tested in human lymphocytes in different testing conditions showed an increase in frequencies of micronucleated binucleated cells (MNBNCs) exposed for 48 h to BWD nanoparticles (NPs) (with 10% of foetal calf serum in culture medium) compared with lymphocytes exposed to medium alone, statistically significant only at the concentration 3 µg/cm{sup 2} (p=0.032). - Highlights: • BWD was characterized by Raman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. • Our result showed that BWD contains crystalline metal NPs. • Two different protocols for CBMN assay were used to study of genotoxicity of BWD. • We found significantly increased frequency of MNBNCs after 48 h exposure of BWD (with 10% of foetal calf serum in culture media) at the concentration 3 µg/cm{sup 2}.
- OSTI ID:
- 22687751
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Research, Vol. 148; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0013-9351
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
First Evaluation of the Biologic Effectiveness Factors of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) in a Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line
Comparative studies on radiation-induced micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in V79 cells