Investigating the contribution of grown new particles to cloud condensation nuclei with largely varying preexisting particles – Part&nbsp;1: Observational data analysis

Wei, Xing; Shen, Yanjie; Yu, Xiao-Ying; Gao, Yang; Gao, Huiwang; Chu, Ming; Zhu, Yujiao; Yao, Xiaohong

doi:10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023

Investigating the contribution of grown new particles to cloud condensation nuclei with largely varying preexisting particles – Part 1: Observational data analysis

Journal Article · Thu Dec 14 23:00:00 EST 2023 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023· OSTI ID:2267646

Wei, Xing ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[4]; Chu, Ming ^[1]; Zhu, Yujiao ^[5]; Yao, Xiaohong ^[4]

Ocean University of China, Qingdao (China)
Ocean University of China, Qingdao (China); Weifang University (China)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Ocean University of China, Qingdao (China); Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (China)
Shandong Univ., Qingdao, Shandong (China)

This study employed multiple techniques to investigate the contribution of grown new particles to the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at various supersaturation (SS) levels at a rural mountain site in the North China Plain from 29 June to 14 July 2019. On 8 new particle formation (NPF) days, the total particle number concentrations (N_cn) were 8.4 ± 6.1×10³ cm^-3 , which was substantially higher compared to 4.7 ± 2.6×10³ cm^-3 on non-NPF days. However, the CCN concentration (Nccn) at 0.2 % SS and 0.4 % SS on the NPF days was significantly lower than those observed on non-NPF days (p<0.05). This was due to the lower cloud activation efficiency of preexisting particles resulting from organic vapor condensation and smaller number concentrations of preexisting particles on NPF days. A case-by-case examination showed that the grown new particles only yielded a detectable contribution to N_ccn at 0.4 % SS and 1.0 % SS during the NPF event on 1 July 2019, accounting for 12 % ± 11 % and 23 % ± 12 % of N_ccn, respectively. The increased N_ccn during two other NPF events and at 0.2 % SS on 1 July 2019 were detectable but determined mainly by varying preexisting particles rather than grown new particles. In addition, the hygroscopicity parameter values, concentrations of inorganic and organic particulate components, and surface chemical composition of different sized particles were analyzed in terms of chemical drivers to grow new particles. The results showed that the grown new particles via organic vapor condensation generally had no detectable contribution to N_ccn but incidentally did. However, this conclusion was drawn from a small size of observational data, leaving more observations, particularly long-term observations and the growth of preexisting particles to the CCN required size, needed for further investigation.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2267646

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 24 Vol. 23; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: Copernicus Publications, EGUCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Seasonal variation of CCN concentrations and aerosol activation properties in boreal forest Sihto, S. -L.; Mikkilä, J.; Vanhanen, J. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13269-2011	journal	January 2011
Cloud condensation nuclei in polluted air and biomass burning smoke near the mega-city Guangzhou, China – Part 2: Size-resolved aerosol chemical composition, diurnal cycles, and externally mixed weakly CCN-active soot particles Rose, D.; Gunthe, S. S.; Su, H. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2817-2011	journal	January 2011
Cloud condensation nuclei production associated with atmospheric nucleation: a synthesis based on existing literature and new results Kerminen, V. -M.; Paramonov, M.; Anttila, T. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-12037-2012	journal	January 2012
Nucleation and condensational growth to CCN sizes during a sustained pristine biogenic SOA event in a forested mountain valley Pierce, J. R.; Leaitch, W. R.; Liggio, J. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3147-2012	journal	January 2012
Boundary layer nucleation as a source of new CCN in savannah environment Laakso, L.; Merikanto, J.; Vakkari, V. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1957-2013	journal	January 2013
Particle hygroscopicity during atmospheric new particle formation events: implications for the chemical species contributing to particle growth Wu, Z.; Birmili, W.; Poulain, L. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6637-2013	journal	January 2013
Investigation of the effective peak supersaturation for liquid-phase clouds at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3580 m a.s.l.) Hammer, E.; Bukowiecki, N.; Gysel, M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1123-2014	journal	January 2014
Impacts of new particle formation on aerosol cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity in Shanghai: case study Leng, C.; Zhang, Q.; Tao, J. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11353-2014	journal	January 2014
Size-resolved aerosol composition and its link to hygroscopicity at a forested site in Colorado Levin, E. J. T.; Prenni, A. J.; Palm, B. B. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2657-2014	journal	January 2014
Organic aerosol components derived from 25 AMS data sets across Europe using a consistent ME-2 based source apportionment approach Crippa, M.; Canonaco, F.; Lanz, V. A. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6159-2014	journal	January 2014
Atmospheric new particle formation as a source of CCN in the eastern Mediterranean marine boundary layer Kalivitis, N.; Kerminen, V. -M.; Kouvarakis, G. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9203-2015	journal	January 2015
Variation of CCN activity during new particle formation events in the North China Plain Ma, Nan; Zhao, Chunsheng; Tao, Jiangchuan Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8593-2016	journal	January 2016
CCN production by new particle formation in the free troposphere Rose, Clémence; Sellegri, Karine; Moreno, Isabel Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1529-2017	journal	January 2017
Global and regional estimates of warm cloud droplet number concentration based on 13 years of AQUA-MODIS observations Bennartz, Ralf; Rausch, John Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9815-2017	journal	January 2017
Chemical composition and droplet size distribution of cloud at the summit of Mount Tai, China Li, Jiarong; Wang, Xinfeng; Chen, Jianmin Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9885-2017	journal	August 2017
Long-term cloud condensation nuclei number concentration, particle number size distribution and chemical composition measurements at regionally representative observatories Schmale, Julia; Henning, Silvia; Decesari, Stefano Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2853-2018	journal	January 2018
Atmospheric new particle formation in China Chu, Biwu; Kerminen, Veli-Matti; Bianchi, Federico Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-115-2019	journal	January 2019
Model simulation of ammonium and nitrate aerosols distribution in the Euro-Mediterranean region and their radiative and climatic effects over 1979–2016 Drugé, Thomas; Nabat, Pierre; Mallet, Marc Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3707-2019	journal	January 2019
Regional new particle formation as modulators of cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet number in the eastern Mediterranean Kalkavouras, Panayiotis; Bougiatioti, Aikaterini; Kalivitis, Nikos Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6185-2019	journal	January 2019
New particle formation events observed at King Sejong Station, Antarctic Peninsula – Part 1: Physical characteristics and contribution to cloud condensation nuclei Kim, Jaeseok; Yoon, Young Jun; Gim, Yeontae Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7583-2019	journal	January 2019
Nucleation-mode particle pool and large increases in N cn and N ccn observed over the northwestern Pacific Ocean in the spring of 2014 Wang, Juntao; Shen, Yanjie; Li, Kai Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8845-2019	journal	January 2019
New particle formation in the marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns Zhu, Yujiao; Li, Kai; Shen, Yanjie Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-89-2019	journal	January 2019
Wintertime new particle formation and its contribution to cloud condensation nuclei in the Northeastern United States Yu, Fangqun; Luo, Gan; Nair, Arshad Arjunan Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2591-2020	journal	January 2020
Hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity of atmospheric aerosols under the influences of Asian continental outflow and new particle formation at a coastal site in eastern Asia Cheung, Hing Cho; Chou, Charles Chung-Kuang; Lee, Celine Siu Lan Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5911-2020	journal	January 2020
Variations in N_cn and N_ccn over marginal seas in China related to marine traffic emissions, new particle formation and aerosol aging Gao, Yang; Zhang, Deqiang; Wang, Juntao Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9665-2020	journal	August 2020
Probing key organic substances driving new particle growth initiated by iodine nucleation in coastal atmosphere Wan, Yibei; Huang, Xiangpeng; Jiang, Bin Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9821-2020	journal	August 2020
Increased new particle yields with largely decreased probability of survival to CCN size at the summit of Mt. Tai under reduced SO₂ emissions Zhu, Yujiao; Xue, Likun; Gao, Jian Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1305-2021	journal	January 2021
Evaluation of the contribution of new particle formation to cloud droplet number concentration in the urban atmosphere Jiang, Sihui; Zhang, Fang; Ren, Jingye Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14293-2021	journal	September 2021
Exploring the sensitivity of atmospheric nitrate concentrations to nitric acid uptake rate using the Met Office's Unified Model Jones, Anthony C.; Hill, Adrian; Remy, Samuel Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15901-2021	journal	October 2021
Measurement report: New particle formation characteristics at an urban and a mountain station in northern China Zhou, Ying; Hakala, Simo; Yan, Chao Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17885-2021	journal	December 2021
Investigating three patterns of new particles growing to the size of cloud condensation nuclei in Beijing's urban atmosphere Ma, Liya; Zhu, Yujiao; Zheng, Mei Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-183-2021	journal	January 2021
Seasonal significance of new particle formation impacts on cloud condensation nuclei at a mountaintop location Hirshorn, Noah S.; Zuromski, Lauren M.; Rapp, Christopher Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15909-2022	journal	December 2022
Understanding aerosol microphysical properties from 10 years of data collected at Cabo Verde based on an unsupervised machine learning classification Gong, Xianda; Wex, Heike; Müller, Thomas Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5175-2022	journal	April 2022
Characterizing the hygroscopicity of growing particles in the Canadian Arctic summer Chang, Rachel Y. -W.; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.; Boyer, Matthew C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8059-2022	journal	June 2022
The Hohenpeissenberg aerosol formation experiment (HAFEX): a long-term study including size-resolved aerosol, H₂SO₄, OH, and monoterpenes measurements Birmili, W.; Berresheim, H.; Plass-Dülmer, C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-361-2003	journal	January 2003
The contribution of sulphuric acid to atmospheric particle formation and growth: a comparison between boundary layers in Northern and Central Europe Fiedler, V.; Dal Maso, M.; Boy, M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1773-2005	journal	January 2005
Sulphuric acid closure and contribution to nucleation mode particle growth Boy, M.; Kulmala, M.; Ruuskanen, T. M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-863-2005	journal	January 2005
Atmospheric sulphuric acid and aerosol formation: implications from atmospheric measurements for nucleation and early growth mechanisms Sihto, S. -L.; Kulmala, M.; Kerminen, V. -M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4079-2006	journal	January 2006
A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity Petters, M. D.; Kreidenweis, S. M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1961-2007	journal	January 2007
Non-volatile residuals of newly formed atmospheric particles in the boreal forest Ehn, M.; Petäjä, T.; Birmili, W. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-677-2007	journal	January 2007
Calibration and measurement uncertainties of a continuous-flow cloud condensation nuclei counter (DMT-CCNC): CCN activation of ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride aerosol particles in theory and experiment Rose, D.; Gunthe, S. S.; Mikhailov, E. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1153-2008	journal	January 2008
Cloud condensation nuclei activity at Jeju Island, Korea in spring 2005 Kuwata, M.; Kondo, Y.; Miyazaki, Y. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2933-2008	journal	January 2008
Laboratory studies of H₂SO₄/H₂O binary homogeneous nucleation from the SO₂+OH reaction: evaluation of the experimental setup and preliminary results Young, L. H.; Benson, D. R.; Kameel, F. R. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4997-2008	journal	August 2008
Applying the Condensation Particle Counter Battery (CPCB) to study the water-affinity of freshly-formed 2–9 nm particles in boreal forest Riipinen, I.; Manninen, H. E.; Yli-Juuti, T. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3317-2009	journal	May 2009
Cloud condensation nuclei in pristine tropical rainforest air of Amazonia: size-resolved measurements and modeling of atmospheric aerosol composition and CCN activity Gunthe, S. S.; King, S. M.; Rose, D. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7551-2009	journal	January 2009
Simulation of particle size distribution with a global aerosol model: contribution of nucleation to aerosol and CCN number concentrations Yu, F.; Luo, G. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7691-2009	journal	January 2009
Investigating the contribution of grown new particles to cloud condensation nuclei with largely varying preexisting particles - Part 2: Modeling chemical drivers and 3-D NPF occurrence Chu, Ming; Wei, Xing; Hai, Shangfei EGU Sphere https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-540-supplement	posted_content	January 2023

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