Characterization of Cycle-Aged Commercial NMC and NCA Lithium-ion Cells: I. Temperature-Dependent Degradation

Wittman, Reed; Dubarry, Matthieu; Ivanov, Sergei; Juba, Benjamin W.; Romàn-Kustas, Jessica; Fresquez, Armando; Langendorf, Jill; Grant, Richard; Taggart, Gretchen; Chalamala, Babu; Preger, Yuliya

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad1450

Title: Characterization of Cycle-Aged Commercial NMC and NCA Lithium-ion Cells: I. Temperature-Dependent Degradation

Journal Article · Thu Dec 28 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad1450· OSTI ID:2263491

; Dubarry, Matthieu; Ivanov, Sergei; Juba, Benjamin W.;

; Fresquez, Armando; Langendorf, Jill; Grant, Richard; Taggart, Gretchen; Chalamala, Babu;

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in applications from consumer electronic devices to stationary energy storage. Appropriate management of batteries is challenging due to limited data on their performance and materials degradation. Previous studies have focused on characterization of single cells under specific operating conditions. In the present work, commercial 18650 lithium-ion cells with LiNi _x Mn _y Co _1-x-y O ₂ (NMC) and LiNi _x Co _y Al _1-x-y O ₂ (NCA) positive electrodes were characterized by a wide range of electrochemical and materials techniques after cycling at 15, 25, or 35 °C to ∼80% capacity. The NCA cells exhibit weak temperature dependence in their cycle aging and materials degradation. The NMC cells exhibited increased capacity fade and materials degradation as ambient temperature decreased. All cells exhibited loss of lithium inventory as their primary degradation mode. However, the NCA cells only showed evidence of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth whereas the NMC cells showed signs of Li plating at 15 °C, transitioning to SEI growth at 35 °C. The NMC cells displayed signs of loss of active material at the positive electrode at lower temperatures, suggesting that Li plating is correlated to additional processes that increase the rate of degradation. These results highlight the importance of avoiding broad generalizations about Li-ion battery temperature dependence.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

OSTI ID:: 2263491

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2229576

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol. 170 Journal Issue: 12; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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