FLASH SPECTROSCOPY: EMISSION LINES FROM THE IONIZED CIRCUMSTELLAR MATERIAL AROUND <10-DAY-OLD TYPE II SUPERNOVAE

Khazov, D.; Yaron, O.; Gal-Yam, A.; Manulis, I.; Rubin, A.; Ofek, E. O.; Horesh, A.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Kasliwal, M. M.; Cao, Y.; Perley, D.; Arcavi, I.; Howell, D. A.; Sollerman, J.; Sullivan, M.; Filippenko, A. V.; Nugent, P. E.; Cenko, S. B.; Silverman, J. M.; Ebeling, H.; others, and

doi:10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/3

Title: FLASH SPECTROSCOPY: EMISSION LINES FROM THE IONIZED CIRCUMSTELLAR MATERIAL AROUND <10-DAY-OLD TYPE II SUPERNOVAE

Journal Article · Wed Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/3· OSTI ID:22521592

Khazov, D.; Yaron, O.; Gal-Yam, A.; Manulis, I.; Rubin, A.; Ofek, E. O.; Horesh, A. ^[1]; Kulkarni, S. R.; Kasliwal, M. M.; Cao, Y.; Perley, D. ^[2]; Arcavi, I.; Howell, D. A. ^[3]; Sollerman, J. ^[4]; Sullivan, M. ^[5]; Filippenko, A. V.; Nugent, P. E. ^[6]; Cenko, S. B. ^[7]; Silverman, J. M. ^[8]; Ebeling, H. ^[9] more »

Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics, The Weizmann Institute for Science, Rehovot 76100 (Israel)
Astronomy Department, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States)
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93111 (United States)
The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom)
Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 (United States)
Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States)
Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States)
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States)

Supernovae (SNe) embedded in dense circumstellar material (CSM) may show prominent emission lines in their early-time spectra (≤10 days after the explosion), owing to recombination of the CSM ionized by the shock-breakout flash. From such spectra (“flash spectroscopy”), we can measure various physical properties of the CSM, as well as the mass-loss rate of the progenitor during the year prior to its explosion. Searching through the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF and iPTF) SN spectroscopy databases from 2009 through 2014, we found 12 SNe II showing flash-ionized (FI) signatures in their first spectra. All are younger than 10 days. These events constitute 14% of all 84 SNe in our sample having a spectrum within 10 days from explosion, and 18% of SNe II observed at ages <5 days, thereby setting lower limits on the fraction of FI events. We classified as “blue/featureless” (BF) those events having a first spectrum that is similar to that of a blackbody, without any emission or absorption signatures. It is possible that some BF events had FI signatures at an earlier phase than observed, or that they lack dense CSM around the progenitor. Within 2 days after explosion, 8 out of 11 SNe in our sample are either BF events or show FI signatures. Interestingly, we found that 19 out of 21 SNe brighter than an absolute magnitude M{sub R} = −18.2 belong to the FI or BF groups, and that all FI events peaked above M{sub R} = −17.6 mag, significantly brighter than average SNe II.

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OSTI ID:: 22521592

Journal Information:: Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 818, Issue 1; Other Information: Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0004-637X

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: FLASH SPECTROSCOPY: EMISSION LINES FROM THE IONIZED CIRCUMSTELLAR MATERIAL AROUND <10-DAY-OLD TYPE II SUPERNOVAE

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