HMX-based explosives LX-10 and PBX-9501 were heated through the β-δ phase transition. Ultra-small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and molecular diffraction were simultaneously recorded as the HMX was heated. Mesoscale voids and structure dramatically change promptly with the β-δ phase transition, rather than with other thermal effects. Also, x-ray induced damage, observed in the USAXS, occurs more readily at elevated temperatures; as such, the dose was reduced to mitigate this effect. Optical microscopy performed during a similar heating cycle gives an indication of changes on longer length scales, while x-ray microtomography, performed before and after heating, shows the character of extensive microstructural damage resulting from the temperature cycle and solid-state phase transition.
Lauderbach, Lisa, et al. "Mesoscale evolution of voids and microstructural changes in HMX-based explosives during heating through the β-δ phase transition." Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 118, no. 5, Aug. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4927614
Lauderbach, Lisa, Gagliardi, Franco, Buuren, Tony van, Glascoe, Elizabeth A., Tringe, Joseph W., Lee, Jonathan R. I., Springer, H. Keo, & Ilavsky, Jan (2015). Mesoscale evolution of voids and microstructural changes in HMX-based explosives during heating through the β-δ phase transition. Journal of Applied Physics, 118(5). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4927614
Lauderbach, Lisa, Gagliardi, Franco, Buuren, Tony van, et al., "Mesoscale evolution of voids and microstructural changes in HMX-based explosives during heating through the β-δ phase transition," Journal of Applied Physics 118, no. 5 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4927614
@article{osti_22494715,
author = {Lauderbach, Lisa and Gagliardi, Franco and Buuren, Tony van and Glascoe, Elizabeth A. and Tringe, Joseph W. and Lee, Jonathan R. I. and Springer, H. Keo and Ilavsky, Jan},
title = {Mesoscale evolution of voids and microstructural changes in HMX-based explosives during heating through the β-δ phase transition},
annote = {HMX-based explosives LX-10 and PBX-9501 were heated through the β-δ phase transition. Ultra-small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and molecular diffraction were simultaneously recorded as the HMX was heated. Mesoscale voids and structure dramatically change promptly with the β-δ phase transition, rather than with other thermal effects. Also, x-ray induced damage, observed in the USAXS, occurs more readily at elevated temperatures; as such, the dose was reduced to mitigate this effect. Optical microscopy performed during a similar heating cycle gives an indication of changes on longer length scales, while x-ray microtomography, performed before and after heating, shows the character of extensive microstructural damage resulting from the temperature cycle and solid-state phase transition.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4927614},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22494715},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
issn = {ISSN 0021-8979},
number = {5},
volume = {118},
place = {United States},
year = {2015},
month = {08}}
SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedingshttps://doi.org/10.1063/1.1780419
SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedingshttps://doi.org/10.1063/1.3686375
SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedingshttps://doi.org/10.1063/1.1780413