BCL-2 family protein, BAD is down-regulated in breast cancer and inhibits cell invasion

Journal Article · Sun Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Experimental Cell Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YEXCR.2014.11.016· OSTI ID:22462249

Cekanova, Maria ^[1]; Fernando, Romaine I. ^[2]; Siriwardhana, Nalin ^[3]; Sukhthankar, Mugdha ^[4]; Parra, Columba de la ^[5]; Woraratphoka, Jirayus ^[2]; Malone, Christine ^[6]; Ström, Anders ^[7]; Baek, Seung J. ^[4]; Wade, Paul A. ^[6]; Saxton, Arnold M. ^[3]; Donnell, Robert M. ^[4]; Pestell, Richard G. ^[8]; others, and

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1. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Medical Center, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
3. Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
4. Department of Biomedical and Diagnostics Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
5. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR (United States)
6. Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)
7. Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX (United States)
8. Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

We have previously demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic protein BAD is expressed in normal human breast tissue and shown that BAD inhibits expression of cyclin D1 to delay cell-cycle progression in breast cancer cells. Herein, expression of proteins in breast tissues was studied by immunohistochemistry and results were analyzed statistically to obtain semi-quantitative data. Biochemical and functional changes in BAD-overexpressing MCF7 breast cancer cells were evaluated using PCR, reporter assays, western blotting, ELISA and extracellular matrix invasion assays. Compared to normal tissues, Grade II breast cancers expressed low total/phosphorylated forms of BAD in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. BAD overexpression decreased the expression of β-catenin, Sp1, and phosphorylation of STATs. BAD inhibited Ras/MEK/ERK and JNK signaling pathways, without affecting the p38 signaling pathway. Expression of the metastasis-related proteins, MMP10, VEGF, SNAIL, CXCR4, E-cadherin and TlMP2 was regulated by BAD with concomitant inhibition of extracellular matrix invasion. Inhibition of BAD by siRNA increased invasion and Akt/p-Akt levels. Clinical data and the results herein suggest that in addition to the effect on apoptosis, BAD conveys anti-metastatic effects and is a valuable prognostic marker in breast cancer. - Highlights: • BAD and p-BAD expressions are decreased in breast cancer compared with normal breast tissue. • BAD impedes breast cancer invasion and migration. • BAD inhibits the EMT and transcription factors that promote cancer cell migration. • Invasion and migration functions of BAD are distinct from the BAD's role in apoptosis.

• OSTI ID: 22462249
• Journal Information: Experimental Cell Research, Vol. 331, Issue 1; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0014-4827
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
ANIMAL TISSUES
APOPTOSIS
BORON CHLORIDES
CHEMILUMINESCENCE
DEATH
ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY
ESTROGENS
FLUORESCENCE
GLYCOGEN
GROWTH FACTORS
LYMPHOMAS
MAMMARY GLANDS
METASTASES
MYELOID LEUKEMIA
PEROXIDASES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHORUS 38
PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
RECEPTORS
SIGNALS
SNAILS
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS