Linking water quality, fouling layer composition, and performance of reverse osmosis membranes

Landsman, Matthew R.; Rongpipi, Sintu; Freychet, Guillaume; Gann, Eliot; Jaye, Cherno; Lawler, Desmond F.; Katz, Lynn E.; Su, Gregory M.

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121717

Linking water quality, fouling layer composition, and performance of reverse osmosis membranes

Journal Article · Sat May 13 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Journal of Membrane Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121717· OSTI ID:2234066

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; Jaye, Cherno ^[4]; Lawler, Desmond F. ^[5]; Katz, Lynn E. ^[5]; ^[2]

Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

Fouling of polyamide membranes during reverse osmosis (RO) is a major challenge for adopting membrane technologies to treat highly contaminated waters, especially those containing organic foulants (e.g., natural organic matter (NOM), polysaccharides) and dominant cations (e.g., sodium, magnesium, calcium). Here, this work combines bench-scale membrane fouling experiments with detailed characterization of feedwater chemistry and fouling layer composition/morphology to reveal fundamental mechanisms of (in)organic fouling during RO. Divalent cations are shown to promote fouling by hydrophobic NOM containing aromatic and carboxyl groups, while NOM fouling in the presence of a monovalent cation, sodium, occurs by smaller fulvic acids containing larger fractions of carboxyl groups and other oxygen-rich moieties. Calcium-carboxyl bridging occurs in solution and near the membrane surface to induce NOM aggregation on nanometer length scales. In complex waters containing foulant mixtures, co-fouling by calcium-carboxyl bridging and CaCO₃ precipitation influence membrane performance at longer timeframes. However, the flux decline observed for the co-fouling mechanism was less significant than the sum of its parts, suggesting both synergistic and antagonistic fouling mechanisms should be considered in membrane design/operation. These results encourage the design of pretreatment processes to reduce concentrations of multivalent ions and hydrophobic NOM in RO feedwaters, and of membrane materials to limit attachment/deposition of aggregates to/on polyamide surfaces.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0012704; SC0019272

OSTI ID:: 2234066

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1999958

Journal Information:: Journal of Membrane Science, Journal Name: Journal of Membrane Science Vol. 680; ISSN 0376-7388

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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