Ab-initio General-relativistic Neutrino-radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations of Long-lived Neutron Star Merger Remnants to Neutrino Cooling Timescales

Radice, David; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad0235

Title: Ab-initio General-relativistic Neutrino-radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations of Long-lived Neutron Star Merger Remnants to Neutrino Cooling Timescales

Journal Article · Tue Dec 05 00:00:00 EST 2023 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0235· OSTI ID:2228543

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Abstract We perform the first 3D ab-initio general-relativistic neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics of a long-lived neutron star merger remnant spanning a fraction of its cooling timescale. We find that neutrino cooling becomes the dominant energy loss mechanism after the gravitational-wave dominated phase (∼20 ms postmerger). Electron flavor antineutrino luminosity dominates over electron flavor neutrino luminosity at early times, resulting in a secular increase of the electron fraction in the outer layers of the remnant. However, the two luminosities become comparable ∼20–40 ms postmerger. A dense gas of electron antineutrinos is formed in the outer core of the remnant at densities ∼10 ^14.5 g cm ⁻³ , corresponding to temperature hot spots. The neutrinos account for ∼10% of the lepton number in this region. Despite the negative radial temperature gradient, the radial entropy gradient remains positive, and the remnant is stably stratified according to the Ledoux criterion for convection. A massive accretion disk is formed from the material squeezed out of the collisional interface between the stars. The disk carries a large fraction of the angular momentum of the system, allowing the remnant massive neutron star to settle to a quasi-steady equilibrium within the region of possible, stable, rigidly rotating configurations. The remnant is differentially rotating, but it is stable against the magnetorotational instability. Other MHD mechanisms operating on longer timescales are likely responsible for the removal of the differential rotation. Our results indicate the remnant massive neutron star is thus qualitatively different from a protoneutron stars formed in core-collapse supernovae.

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Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021177; AC02-05CH11231; PHY-2011725; PHY-2020275; PHY-2116686; AST-2108467

OSTI ID:: 2228543

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2229206

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Vol. 959 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: American Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Monte-Carlo Neutrino Transport in Neutron Star Merger Simulations Foucart, Francois; Duez, Matthew D.; Hebert, Francois The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 902, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abbb87	journal	October 2020
Global simulations of strongly magnetized remnant massive neutron stars formed in binary neutron star mergers Kiuchi, Kenta; Kyutoku, Koutarou; Sekiguchi, Yuichiro Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.124039	journal	June 2018
The Fate of Neutron Star Binary Mergers Piro, Anthony L.; Giacomazzo, Bruno; Perna, Rosalba The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 844, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa7f2f	journal	July 2017
High-order fully general-relativistic hydrodynamics: new approaches and tests Radice, David; Rezzolla, Luciano; Galeazzi, Filippo Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 31, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/31/7/075012	journal	March 2014
Kilonovae of binary neutron star mergers leading to short-lived remnant neutron star formation Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Fujibayashi, Sho; Domoto, Nanae Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 525, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2430	journal	August 2023
Merger of binary neutron stars with realistic equations of state in full general relativity Shibata, Masaru; Taniguchi, Keisuke; Uryū, Kōji Physical Review D, Vol. 71, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.084021	journal	April 2005
What Powered the Optical Transient AT2017gfo Associated with GW170817? Li, Shao-Ze; Liu, Liang-Duan; Yu, Yun-Wei The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aace61	journal	July 2018
Evolutions in 3D numerical relativity using fixed mesh refinement Schnetter, Erik; Hawley, Scott H.; Hawke, Ian Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/6/014	journal	February 2004
Spiral-wave Wind for the Blue Kilonova Nedora, Vsevolod; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano; Radice, David The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab5794	journal	November 2019
Beyond second-order convergence in simulations of binary neutron stars in full general relativity Radice, D.; Rezzolla, L.; Galeazzi, F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 437, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slt137	journal	October 2013
Constraint violation in free evolution schemes: Comparing the BSSNOK formulation with a conformal decomposition of the Z4 formulation Bernuzzi, Sebastiano; Hilditch, David Physical Review D, Vol. 81, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.81.084003	journal	April 2010
Structure of stable binary neutron star merger remnants: A case study Kastaun, W.; Ciolfi, R.; Giacomazzo, B. Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.044060	journal	August 2016

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