Electronic structure and magnetic properties of LiMn{sub 1.5}M{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} (M=Al, Mg, Ni, Fe) and LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}/TiO{sub 2} nanocrystalline electrode materials

Journal Article · Tue Oct 15 04:00:00 EDT 2013 · Journal of Solid State Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSSC.2013.08.006· OSTI ID:22274130

Lipińska, L. ^[1]; Zajdel, P. ^[2]; Załóg, A. ^[2]; Michalska, M. ^[1]; Guzik, A. ^[2]

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1. Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, ul. Wólczyńska 133, 01-919 Warszawa (Poland)
2. Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice (Poland)

The process of sol–gel synthesis was applied to obtain LiMn{sub 1.5}M{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} (M=Al, Mg, Ni, Fe) and LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}/TiO{sub 2} nanopowders. The samples were characterized by following methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and SQUID magnetometry. XPS was used to examine the chemical composition and oxidation state of manganese, in particular the Mn{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 4+} ratio from the deconvolution of the complex Mn3p lines. The size of the grains and crystallites were independently obtained from SEM images and XRD patterns, respectively. In all the cases a critical interplay of electronic (Mn{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 4+} ratio), structural (unit cell volume) and magnetic properties was observed depending on the synthesis process. - Graphical abstract: SEM image of Li{sub 0.79}Ni{sub 0.41}Mn{sub 1.35}O{sub 4.45} sample. Display Omitted - Highlights: • LiMn{sub 1.5}M{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} (M=Al, Mg, Ni, Fe) and LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}/TiO{sub 2} obtained by sol–gel method. • XRD method was used to determine the crystal structure. • SEM/EDX imaging have been done. • XPS electronic structure was examined and discussed. • Experimental effective magnetic moment and the calculated one were compared.

• OSTI ID: 22274130
• Journal Information: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Journal Name: Journal of Solid State Chemistry Vol. 206; ISSN 0022-4596; ISSN JSSCBI
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
CRYSTALS
ELECTRODES
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
MAGNETIC MOMENTS
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
MANGANESE
MANGANESE IONS
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
SPINELS
SYNTHESIS
TITANIUM OXIDES
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY