Efficient numerical methods for computing ground states of spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates based on their characterizations

Journal Article · Fri Nov 15 04:00:00 EST 2013 · Journal of Computational Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCP.2013.06.036· OSTI ID:22230822

Bao, Weizhu ^[1]; Chern, I-Liang ^[2]; Zhang, Yanzhi ^[3]

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1. Department of Mathematics and Center for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119076 (Singapore)
2. Department of Applied Mathematics and Center of Mathematical Modeling and Scientific Computing, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan (China)
3. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-0020 (United States)

In this paper, we propose efficient numerical methods for computing ground states of spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with/without the Ioffe–Pritchard magnetic field B(x). When B(x)≠0, a numerical method is introduced to compute the ground states and it is also applied to study properties of ground states. Numerical results suggest that the densities of m{sub F}=±1 components in ground states are identical for any nonzero B(x). In particular, if B(x)≡B≠0 is a constant, the ground states satisfy the single-mode approximation. When B(x)≡0, efficient and simpler numerical methods are presented to solve the ground states of spin-1 BECs based on their ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic characterizations. Numerical simulations show that our methods are more efficient than those in the literature. In addition, some conjectures are made from our numerical observations.

• OSTI ID: 22230822
• Journal Information: Journal of Computational Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Computational Physics Vol. 253; ISSN JCTPAH; ISSN 0021-9991
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING
ANTIFERROMAGNETISM
APPROXIMATIONS
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
DENSITY
GROUND STATES
MAGNETIC FIELDS
SPIN