Stratospheric Climate Anomalies and Ozone Loss Caused by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption

Wang, Xinyue; Randel, William; Zhu, Yunqian; Tilmes, Simone; Starr, Jon; Yu, Wandi; Garcia, Rolando; Toon, Owen B.; Park, Mijeong; Kinnison, Douglas; Zhang, Jun; Bourassa, Adam; Rieger, Landon; Warnock, Taran; Li, Jianghanyang

doi:10.1029/2023jd039480

Title: Stratospheric Climate Anomalies and Ozone Loss Caused by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption

Journal Article · Wed Nov 22 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jd039480· OSTI ID:2223033

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^[2]; Zhu, Yunqian ^[3];

^[2]; Starr, Jon ^[2];

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^[5]; Li, Jianghanyang ^[1]

University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO (United States)
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States)
Hampton University, Hampton, VA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada)

We report the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption in January 2022 injected unprecedented amounts of water vapor (H₂O) and a moderate amount of the aerosol precursor sulfur dioxide (SO²) into the Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropical stratosphere. The H₂O and aerosol perturbations have persisted during 2022 and early 2023 and dispersed throughout the atmosphere. Observations show large-scale SH stratospheric cooling, equatorward shift of the Antarctic polar vortex and slowing of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Satellite observations show substantial ozone reductions over SH winter midlatitudes that coincide with the largest circulation anomalies. Chemistry-climate model simulations forced by realistic HTHH inputs of H₂O and SO₂ qualitatively reproduce the observed evolution of the H₂O and aerosol plumes over the first year, and the model exhibits stratospheric cooling, circulation changes and ozone effects similar to observed behavior. The agreement demonstrates that the observed stratospheric changes are caused by the HTHH volcanic influences.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; 03-01-07-001; NA17OAR4320101; NA22OAR4320151; 80NSSC20K0928; AGS 1853932; 1852977

OSTI ID:: 2223033

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-856205; 1085679

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 128, Issue 22; ISSN 2169-897X

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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