Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA, Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
Phillips 66 Company Energy Research &, Innovation Bartlesville OK 74003 USA
Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Northwestern University/DND‐CAT Argonne IL 60439 USA
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA, Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
Hard carbon (HC) is the most promising anode for the commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs); however, a general mechanism for sodium storage in HC remains unclear, obstructing the development of highly efficient anodes for NIBs. To elucidate the mechanism of sodium storage in the pores, operando synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray absorption near edge structure, Raman spectroscopy, and galvanostatic measurements are combined. The multimodal approach provides mechanistic insights into the sodium pore‐filling process for different HC microstructures including the pore sizes that are preferentially filled, the extent to which different pore sizes are filled, and how the defect concentration influences pore filling. It is observed that sodium in the larger pores has an increased pseudo‐metallic sodium character consistent with larger sodium clusters. Furthermore, it is shown that the HCs prepared at higher pyrolysis temperatures have a larger capacity from sodium stored in the pores and that sodium intercalation between graphene layers occurs simultaneously with the pore filling in the plateau region. Opportunities are outlined to improve the performance of HC anodes by fully utilizing the pores for sodium storage, helping to pave the way for the commercialization of sodium ion batteries.
Kitsu Iglesias, Luis, et al. "Revealing the Sodium Storage Mechanisms in Hard Carbon Pores." Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 13, no. 44, Oct. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202302171
Kitsu Iglesias, Luis, Antonio, Emma N., Martinez, Tristan D., Zhang, Liang, Zhuo, Zengqing, Weigand, Steven J., Guo, Jinghua, & Toney, Michael F. (2023). Revealing the Sodium Storage Mechanisms in Hard Carbon Pores. Advanced Energy Materials, 13(44). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202302171
Kitsu Iglesias, Luis, Antonio, Emma N., Martinez, Tristan D., et al., "Revealing the Sodium Storage Mechanisms in Hard Carbon Pores," Advanced Energy Materials 13, no. 44 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202302171
@article{osti_2222965,
author = {Kitsu Iglesias, Luis and Antonio, Emma N. and Martinez, Tristan D. and Zhang, Liang and Zhuo, Zengqing and Weigand, Steven J. and Guo, Jinghua and Toney, Michael F.},
title = {Revealing the Sodium Storage Mechanisms in Hard Carbon Pores},
annote = {Abstract Hard carbon (HC) is the most promising anode for the commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs); however, a general mechanism for sodium storage in HC remains unclear, obstructing the development of highly efficient anodes for NIBs. To elucidate the mechanism of sodium storage in the pores, operando synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray absorption near edge structure, Raman spectroscopy, and galvanostatic measurements are combined. The multimodal approach provides mechanistic insights into the sodium pore‐filling process for different HC microstructures including the pore sizes that are preferentially filled, the extent to which different pore sizes are filled, and how the defect concentration influences pore filling. It is observed that sodium in the larger pores has an increased pseudo‐metallic sodium character consistent with larger sodium clusters. Furthermore, it is shown that the HCs prepared at higher pyrolysis temperatures have a larger capacity from sodium stored in the pores and that sodium intercalation between graphene layers occurs simultaneously with the pore filling in the plateau region. Opportunities are outlined to improve the performance of HC anodes by fully utilizing the pores for sodium storage, helping to pave the way for the commercialization of sodium ion batteries.},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.202302171},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2222965},
journal = {Advanced Energy Materials},
issn = {ISSN 1614-6832},
number = {44},
volume = {13},
place = {Germany},
publisher = {Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)},
year = {2023},
month = {10}}
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 649, Issue 1https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.045