Performance of a hybrid pyroelectric LiNbO{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2} nanotubes X-ray source

Journal Article · Mon Jul 15 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Review of Scientific Instruments

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812650· OSTI ID:22220539

Alivov, Yahya; Molloi, Sabee ^[1]

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1. Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 (United States)

Effects of crystal length and temperature on performance and degradation properties of LiNbO{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} pyroelectric/nanotube X-ray source were studied. Such hybrid LiNbO{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} X-ray source was fabricated by bonding electrochemically grown TiO{sub 2} nanotubes on −z face of pyroelectric LiNbO{sub 3} crystal. In particular, it was found that maximum accelerated electron energy increased with height for both pure and hybrid LiNbO{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} system for both heating and cooling cycles. For example, for 2 cm long hybrid structure the resulting maximum energy during heating cycle was 97 keV as compared to 74 keV for 1 cm long structure. The maximum energy for the pure sample without nanotubes increased from 45 keV to 66 keV. Increased endpoint energy of nanotube based X-ray source is attributed to electric field amplification on nanotube tips increasing the efficiency of residual gas ionization, leading to improved charge carrier transmission efficiency. The degradation properties were studied by performing multiple thermal cycles and results revealed that cluster nanotips erode over time. After 20 cycles they become flat as was evidenced from scanning electron microscope analysis.

• OSTI ID: 22220539
• Journal Information: Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 84, Issue 7; Other Information: (c) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0034-6748
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
BONDING
CHARGE CARRIERS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CRYSTALS
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRIC FIELDS
ELECTRONS
HYBRIDIZATION
KEV RANGE
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
NANOTUBES
NIOBATES
NIOBIUM OXIDES
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
TITANIUM OXIDES
X RADIATION
X-RAY SOURCES