Bortezomib induces autophagic death in proliferating human endothelial cells
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS H San Raffaele, Milan (Italy)
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS H San Raffaele, Milan (Italy)
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS H San Raffaele, Milan (Italy)
The proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib has been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM), thanks to its ability to induce MM cell apoptosis. Moreover, Bortezomib has antiangiogenic properties. We report that endothelial cells (EC) exposed to Bortezomib undergo death to an extent that depends strictly on their activation state. Indeed, while quiescent EC are resistant to Bortezomib, the drug results maximally toxic in EC switched toward angiogenesis with FGF, and exerts a moderate effect on subconfluent HUVEC. Moreover, EC activation state deeply influences the death pathway elicited by Bortezomib: after treatment, angiogenesis-triggered EC display typical features of apoptosis. Conversely, death of subconfluent EC is preceded by ROS generation and signs typical of autophagy, including intense cytoplasmic vacuolization with evidence of autophagosomes at electron microscopy, and conversion of the cytosolic MAP LC3 I form toward the autophagosome-associated LC3 II form. Treatment with the specific autophagy inhibitor 3-MA prevents both LC3 I/LC3 II conversion and HUVEC cell death. Finally, early removal of Bortezomib is accompanied by the recovery of cell shape and viability. These findings strongly suggest that Bortezomib induces either apoptosis or autophagy in EC; interfering with the autophagic response may potentiate the antiangiogenic effect of the drug.
- OSTI ID:
- 22212058
- Journal Information:
- Experimental Cell Research, Journal Name: Experimental Cell Research Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 316; ISSN 0014-4827; ISSN ECREAL
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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