Remarkable heat conduction mediated by non-equilibrium phonon polaritons

Pan, Zhiliang; Lu, Guanyu; Li, Xun; McBride, James R.; Juneja, Rinkle; Long, Mackey; Lindsay, Lucas; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Li, Deyu

doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06598-0

Title: Remarkable heat conduction mediated by non-equilibrium phonon polaritons

Journal Article · Wed Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06598-0· OSTI ID:2217733

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^[2]; McBride, James R. ^[1];

^[2]; Long, Mackey ^[1];

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Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Surface waves can lead to intriguing transport phenomena. In particular, surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs), which result from coupling between infrared light and optical phonons, have been predicted to contribute to heat conduction along polar thin films and nanowires. However, experimental efforts so far suggest only very limited SPhP contributions. Through systematic measurements of thermal transport along the same 3C-SiC nanowires with and without a gold coating on the end(s) that serves to launch SPhPs, here we show that thermally excited SPhPs can substantially enhance the thermal conductivity of the uncoated portion of these wires. The extracted pre-decay SPhP thermal conductance is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the Landauer limit predicted on the basis of equilibrium Bose–Einstein distributions. Here, we attribute the notable SPhP conductance to the efficient launching of non-equilibrium SPhPs from the gold-coated portion into the uncoated SiC nanowires, which is strongly supported by the observation that the SPhP-mediated thermal conductivity is proportional to the length of the gold coating(s). The reported discoveries open the door for modulating energy transport in solids by introducing SPhPs, which can effectively counteract the classical size effect in many technologically important films and improve the design of solid-state devices.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Compute and Data Environment for Science (CADES); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Army Research Office (ARO); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; AC02-05CH11231; 1903645; 2114278; W911NF-21-1-0119; W911NF-22-P-0029; N00014-22-1-2035

OSTI ID:: 2217733

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Vol. 623, Issue 7986; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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