Structure and properties of ZrN coatings deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering technology
- Nanotechnology Centre for PVD Research, Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB (United Kingdom)
Monolayer ZrN coatings were deposited exclusively by the novel high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) technology in an industrial scale physical vapour deposition (PVD) machine (HTC-1000-4 target system). Coatings were deposited on 1 {mu}m polished M2 high speed steel, on 304L stainless steel (SS), and on Si (100) specimens. Prior to deposition, HIPIMS plasma sustained on a zirconium (Zr) target was utilized to pretreat the specimens. Coatings were deposited at 400 deg. C in a mixed N{sub 2} and Ar atmosphere using 2 magnetrons in HIPIMS mode and at three different substrate bias voltages (U{sub bias}) keeping all other process parameters constant. The thicknesses of the coatings measured by the ball cratering technique were in the ranges of 1.84, 1.96, and 2.13 {mu}m at bias voltages of -95, -75, and -65 V, respectively, where the difference in thickness can be attributed to the resputtering effect. X-ray diffraction experiments on SS specimens revealed a dominating 111 texture for all three coatings irrespective of the bias voltage. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed extremely dense coating structures at all bias voltages, similar to the transition zone structure (zone T) reported by Thornton. The -95 bias voltage coatings appeared extremely smooth on the top and with no dome shaped structures often associated with low ion bombardment during deposition. HIPIMS pretreatment leads to high adhesion (L{sub C}) of the coatings to the substrate. A continuous ductile perforation of the coating was observed at progressive loads greater than 65 N; however, no spallation of the coating was observed up to loads of 100 N. High values of hardness (40.4 GPa), Young's modulus (424 GPa), and compressive stress (10 GPa) were recorded for coatings deposited at -95 BV. The hardness and internal stress of the coating were found increasing with more negative bias voltages. All the coatings exhibited high dry sliding wear resistance (K{sub C}) in the range 6x10{sup -15} m{sup 3} N{sup -1} m{sup -1}. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses have been used to study the effect of ion bombardment obtained from HIPIMS on the structure of the coatings.
- OSTI ID:
- 22054010
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology. A, International Journal Devoted to Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 29, Issue 1; Other Information: (c) 2011 American Vacuum Society; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 1553-1813
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY
CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES
ION BEAMS
MAGNETRONS
PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
PLASMA
PRESSURE RANGE GIGA PA
RESIDUAL STRESSES
SILICON
SPALLATION
SPUTTERING
STAINLESS STEEL-304L
THICKNESS
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
WEAR RESISTANCE
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
YOUNG MODULUS
ZIRCONIUM
ZIRCONIUM NITRIDES