High-Performance Hemofiltration via Molecular Sieving and Ultra-Low Friction in Carbon Nanotube Capillary Membranes

Cheng, Peifu; Ferrell, Nicholas; Öberg, Carl M.; Buchsbaum, Steven F.; Jue, Melinda L.; Park, Sei Jin; Wang, Dan; Roy, Shuvo; Fornasiero, Francesco; Fissell, William H.; Kidambi, Piran R.

doi:10.1002/adfm.202304672

Title: High-Performance Hemofiltration via Molecular Sieving and Ultra-Low Friction in Carbon Nanotube Capillary Membranes

Journal Article · Sun Aug 27 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Advanced Functional Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202304672· OSTI ID:2205292

Cheng, Peifu ^[1]; Ferrell, Nicholas ^[2]; Öberg, Carl M. ^[3]; Buchsbaum, Steven F. ^[4]; Jue, Melinda L. ^[4]; Park, Sei Jin ^[4]; Wang, Dan ^[2]; Roy, Shuvo ^[5]; Fornasiero, Francesco ^[4]; Fissell, William H. ^[6];

^[1]

Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH (United States)
Lund Univ. (Sweden)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA (United States)
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (United States); Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)

Abstract Conventional dialyzer membranes typically comprise of unevenly distributed polydisperse, tortuous, rough pores, embedded in relatively thick ≈20–50 µm polymer layers wherein separation occurs via size exclusion as well as differences in diffusivity of the permeating species. However, transport in such polymeric pores is increasingly hindered as the molecule size approaches the pore dimension, resulting in significant retention of undesirable middle molecules (≥15–60 kDa) and uremic toxins. Enhanced removal of middle molecules is usually accompanied by high albumin loss (≈66 kDa) causing hypoalbuminemia. Here, the scalable bottom‐up fabrication of wafer‐scale carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes with highly aligned, low‐friction, straight‐channels/capillaries and narrow pore‐diameter distributions (≈0.5–4.5 nm) is demonstrated, to overcome persistent challenges in hemofiltration/hemodialysis. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐Ficoll 70 and albumin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as well as in bovine blood plasma, it is shown that CNT membranes can allow for significantly higher hydraulic permeability (more than an order of magnitude when normalized to pore area) than commercial high‐flux hemofiltration/hemodialysis membranes (HF 400), as well as greatly enhance removal of middle molecules while maintaining comparable albumin retention. These findings are rationalized via an N‐pore transport model that highlights the critical role of molecular flexing and deformation during size‐selective transport within nanoscale confinements of the CNTs. The unique transport characteristics of CNTs coupled with size‐exclusion and wafer‐scale fabrication offer transformative advances for hemofiltration, and the obtained insight into molecular transport can aid advancements in several other bio‐systems/applications beyond hemofiltration/hemodialysis.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; BA12PHM123; AC02-05CH11231; DEAC52‐07NA27344; DE‐AC02‐05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2205292

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2229463

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-856464; 1085365

Journal Information:: Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 50; ISSN 1616-301X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: High-Performance Hemofiltration via Molecular Sieving and Ultra-Low Friction in Carbon Nanotube Capillary Membranes

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