Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetration

Jain, Rishabh; Nagasawa, Kazunori; Veda, Santosh; Sprik, Sam

doi:10.1016/j.prime.2023.100308

Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetration

Journal Article · Wed Oct 18 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · e-Prime, Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2023.100308· OSTI ID:2205183

^[1]; ^[1]; Veda, Santosh ^[1]; Sprik, Sam ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Increasing penetrations of renewable-based generation have led to a decrease in the bulk power system inertia and an increase in intermittency and uncertainty in generation. Energy storage is considered to be an important factor to help manage renewable energy generation at greater penetrations. Hydrogen is a viable long-term storage alternative. This paper analyzes and presents use cases for leveraging electrolyzer-based power-to-gas systems for electric grid support. The paper also discusses some grid services that may favor the use of hydrogen-based storage over other forms such as battery energy storage. Real-time controls are developed, implemented and demonstrated using a power-hardware-in-the-loop(PHIL) setup with a 225-kW proton-exchange-membrane electrolyzer stack. These controls demonstrate frequency and voltage support for the grid for different levels of renewable penetration (0%, 25%, and 50%). A comparison of the results shows the changes in respective frequencies and voltages as seen as different buses as a result of support from the electrolyzers and notes the impact on hydrogen production as a result of grid support. Finally, the paper discusses the practical nuances of implementing the tests with physical hardware, such as inverter/electrolyzer efficiency, as well as the related constraints and opportunities.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 2205183

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5D00-76806; MainId:9467; UUID:bc1a7626-9287-445a-8640-347353d2de91; MainAdminID:71016

Journal Information:: e-Prime, Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, Journal Name: e-Prime, Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy Vol. 6; ISSN 2772-6711

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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