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Cristae formation is a mechanical buckling event controlled by the inner mitochondrial membrane lipidome

Journal Article · · EMBO Journal
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [1];  [4];  [4];  [5];  [4];  [5];  [4];  [2];  [1]
  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
  2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
  3. Computational Neurobiology Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies La Jolla CA USA
  4. National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
  5. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Ashburn VA USA
Abstract

Cristae are high‐curvature structures in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that are crucial for ATP production. While cristae‐shaping proteins have been defined, analogous lipid‐based mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here, we combine experimental lipidome dissection with multi‐scale modeling to investigate how lipid interactions dictate IMM morphology and ATP generation. When modulating phospholipid (PL) saturation in engineered yeast strains, we observed a surprisingly abrupt breakpoint in IMM topology driven by a continuous loss of ATP synthase organization at cristae ridges. We found that cardiolipin (CL) specifically buffers the inner mitochondrial membrane against curvature loss, an effect that is independent of ATP synthase dimerization. To explain this interaction, we developed a continuum model for cristae tubule formation that integrates both lipid and protein‐mediated curvatures. This model highlighted a snapthrough instability, which drives IMM collapse upon small changes in membrane properties. We also showed that cardiolipin is essential in low‐oxygen conditions that promote PL saturation. These results demonstrate that the mechanical function of cardiolipin is dependent on the surrounding lipid and protein components of the IMM.

Research Organization:
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0022954
OSTI ID:
2204905
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 2472223
OSTI ID: 2204907
Journal Information:
EMBO Journal, Journal Name: EMBO Journal Journal Issue: 24 Vol. 42; ISSN 0261-4189
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English

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