ON THE X-RAY BALDWIN EFFECT IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI OBSERVED BY THE CHANDRA HIGH-ENERGY GRATING

Journal Article · Tue Jan 10 04:00:00 EST 2012 · Astrophysical Journal Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/744/2/L21· OSTI ID:22047240

Shu, X W; Wang, J X; Jiang, P; Zhou, Y Y ^[1]; Yaqoob, T ^[2]

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1. CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China)
2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States)

Using Chandra high-energy grating (HEG) observations of 32 active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we present a systematic study of the X-ray Baldwin effect (XBE; i.e., the anti-correlation between the narrow Fe K{alpha} line equivalent width (EW) and X-ray continuum luminosity for AGN samples) with the highest spectral resolution currently available. We have previously reported an anti-correlation with EW{proportional_to}L{sup -0.22}{sub 2-10keV} in an HEG sample, and the correlation is much weaker after averaging multiple observations of individual AGNs (EW{proportional_to}L{sup -0.13}{sub 2-10keV}). This indicates that rapid variation in the X-ray continuum plays an important role in producing the XBE, and such an effect should also be visible in individual AGNs. In this Letter, by normalizing the line EWs and continuum luminosities to the time-averaged values for each AGN in our sample with multiple HEG observations, we find a strong anti-correlation between EW and L{sub X} (EW/(EW){proportional_to}(L/(L)){sup -0.82{+-}0.10}), consistent with the XBE expected in an individual AGN if the narrow line flux remains constant while the continuum varies. This is first observational evidence that the Fe K{alpha} line flux in a large sample of AGNs lacks a corresponding response to the continuum variation, supporting the fact that the narrow Fe-K line emission originates from a region far from the nucleus. We then performed Monte Carlo simulations to address whether the global XBE can be produced by X-ray continuum variation solely, and found that such an interpretation of the XBE cannot be ruled out statistically. One should thus be very cautious before drawing any scientific conclusion based on an observed XBE.

• OSTI ID: 22047240
• Journal Information: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Journal Name: Astrophysical Journal Letters Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 744; ISSN 2041-8205
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
ASTROPHYSICS
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
CORRELATIONS
COSMIC PHOTONS
EMISSION
GALAXY NUCLEI
GAMMA ASTRONOMY
IRON
LINE WIDTHS
LUMINOSITY
MONTE CARLO METHOD
PHOTON EMISSION
RESOLUTION
VARIATIONS
X RADIATION
X-RAY GALAXIES