Control Design of Passive Grid-Forming Inverters in Port-Hamiltonian Framework

Kong, Le; Xue, Yaosuo; Qiao, Liang; Wang, Fei

doi:10.1109/tpel.2023.3319966

Control Design of Passive Grid-Forming Inverters in Port-Hamiltonian Framework

Journal Article · Fri Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2023.3319966· OSTI ID:2203033

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Wang, Fei ^[4]

Monolithic Power Systems, San Jose, CA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

This article presents a modified dispatchable virtual oscillator control approach for achieving the passivity of gridforming inverters (GFMs), without assuming constant voltage and constant frequency. The proposed control framework utilizes the Port-Hamiltonian (PH) based structure that mimics the behaviors of coupled harmonic oscillators, along with an energy ‘pumpingor-damping’ block and the Control by Interconnection (CbI) technique, to render the inverter passive. Once passivity is achieved, transient stability of the system will be guaranteed. The proposed control framework is composed of three loops: an outer power dispatching loop that generates the voltage and frequency references, a virtual oscillator loop that emulates the spontaneous synchronization of oscillators, and an inductor current loop that maintains lossless interconnection in PH systems. In conclusion, the study shows that the proposed control approach ensures the passivity of GFMs, facilitating the transient stability design of multi-inverter systems, as interconnections of passive systems remain passive and stable.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2203033

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics Journal Issue: 99 Vol. 39; ISSN 0885-8993

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (39)

Combining passivity and classical frequency-domain methods: An insight into decentralised control Navarro-López, Eva M.; Licéaga-Castro, Eduardo Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 215, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2010.01.012	journal	February 2010
Control of grid forming inverter based on robust IDA-PBC for power quality enhancement Khefifi, Nidhal; Houari, Azeddine; Machmoum, Mohamed Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, Vol. 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2019.100276	journal	December 2019
Virtual Oscillator Control subsumes droop control Sinha, Mohit; Dorfler, Florian; Johnson, Brian B. 2015 American Control Conference (ACC) https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2015.7171084	conference	July 2015
Dispatchable Virtual Oscillator Control for Decentralized Inverter-dominated Power Systems: Analysis and Experiments Seo, Gab-Su; Colombino, Marcello; Subotic, Irina 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722028	conference	March 2019
Passivity Analysis and Enhancement of Voltage Control for Voltage-Source Converters Liao, Yicheng; Wang, Xiongfei 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2019.8912790	conference	September 2019
Passivity-Oriented Discrete-Time Voltage Controller Design for Grid-Forming Inverters Yu, Hui; Awal, M. A.; Tu, Hao 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2019.8912988	conference	September 2019
A Grid-compatible Virtual Oscillator Controller: Analysis and Design Lu, Minghui; Dutta, Soham; Purba, Victor 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2019.8913128	conference	September 2019
Comparison of Droop Control and Virtual Oscillator Control Realized by Andronov-Hopf Dynamics Lu, Minghui; Purba, Victor; Dhople, Sairaj IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON43393.2020.9254645	conference	October 2020
A Comparative Study of Two Widely Used Grid-Forming Droop Controls on Microgrid Small-Signal Stability Du, Wei; Chen, Zhe; Schneider, Kevin P. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2942491	journal	June 2020
Transient Stability of Voltage-Source Converters With Grid-Forming Control: A Design-Oriented Study Pan, Donghua; Wang, Xiongfei; Liu, Fangcheng IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2946310	journal	June 2020
Grid-Forming Inverters: A Critical Asset for the Power Grid Lasseter, Robert H.; Chen, Zhe; Pattabiraman, Dinesh IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2959271	journal	June 2020
Low-Frequency Passivity-Based Analysis and Damping of Power-Synchronization Controlled Grid-Forming Inverter Zhao, Fangzhou; Wang, Xiongfei; Zhu, Tianhua IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2022.3218845	journal	April 2023
Energy function for a grid-tied, droop-controlled inverter Hart, Philip; Lesieutre, Bernard 2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965437	conference	September 2014
Reconfigurable Real-Time Power Grid Emulator for Systems With High Penetration of Renewables Tolbert, Leon M.; Wang, Fred; Tomsovic, Kevin IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2020.3030219	journal	January 2020
Review of Small-Signal Converter-Driven Stability Issues in Power Systems Kong, Le; Xue, Yaosuo; Qiao, Liang IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2021.3137468	journal	January 2022
Grid-Forming Converters: Control Approaches, Grid-Synchronization, and Future Trends—A Review Rosso, Roberto; Wang, Xiongfei; Liserre, Marco IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, Vol. 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3074028	journal	January 2021
Power supply synchronization without communication Torres, L. A. B.; Hespanha, J. P.; Moehlis, J. 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2012.6344905	conference	July 2012
Control by Interconnection and Standard Passivity-Based Control of Port-Hamiltonian Systems Ortega, Romeo; van der Schaft, Arjan; Castanos, Fernando IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 53, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2008.2006930	journal	December 2008
Global Phase and Magnitude Synchronization of Coupled Oscillators With Application to the Control of Grid-Forming Power Inverters Colombino, Marcello; Groz, Dominic; Brouillon, Jean-Sebastien IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 64, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2019.2898549	journal	November 2019
A Port-Hamiltonian Control Framework to Render a Power Electronic System Passive Zhong, Qing-Chang; Stefanello, Marcio IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 67, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2021.3069389	journal	April 2022
Uncovering Droop Control Laws Embedded Within the Nonlinear Dynamics of Van der Pol Oscillators Sinha, Mohit; Dorfler, Florian; Johnson, Brian B. IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2015.2503558	journal	June 2017
Synchronization of Nonlinear Oscillators in an LTI Electrical Power Network Johnson, Brian B.; Dhople, Sairaj V.; Hamadeh, Abdullah O. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, Vol. 61, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2013.2284180	journal	March 2014
Design-Oriented Transient Stability Analysis of Grid-Connected Converters With Power Synchronization Control Wu, Heng; Wang, Xiongfei IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 66, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2875669	journal	August 2019
A Wireless Controller to Enhance Dynamic Performance of Parallel Inverters in Distributed Generation Systems Guerrero, J. M.; GarciadeVicuna, L.; Matas, J. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2004.833451	journal	September 2004
Design, Analysis, and Real-Time Testing of a Controller for Multibus Microgrid System Li, Y.; Vilathgamuwa, D. M.; Loh, P. C. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2004.833456	journal	September 2004
Modeling, Analysis and Testing of Autonomous Operation of an Inverter-Based Microgrid Pogaku, Nagaraju; Prodanovic, Milan; Green, Timothy C. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2006.890003	journal	March 2007
Synthesizing Virtual Oscillators to Control Islanded Inverters Johnson, Brian B.; Sinha, Mohit; Ainsworth, Nathan G. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 31, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2497217	journal	August 2016
Comparative Transient Stability Assessment of Droop and Dispatchable Virtual Oscillator Controlled Grid-Connected Inverters Yu, Hui; Awal, M. A.; Tu, Hao IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3007628	journal	February 2021
Passivity-Based Dual-Loop Vector Voltage and Current Control for Grid-Forming VSCs Wu, Heng; Wang, Xiongfei IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3048239	journal	August 2021
An Improved Synchronization Stability Method of Virtual Synchronous Generators Based on Frequency Feedforward on Reactive Power Control Loop Xiong, Xiaoling; Wu, Chao; Blaabjerg, Frede IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 36, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3052350	journal	August 2021
Enhanced Synchronization Stability of Grid-Forming Inverters With Passivity-Based Virtual Oscillator Control Kong, Le; Xue, Yaosuo; Qiao, Liang IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 37, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2022.3187402	journal	December 2022
Passivity-Based Stability Analysis and Generic Controller Design for Grid-Forming Inverter Wu, Guotao; He, Yuying; Zhang, Hao IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 38, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2023.3237608	journal	May 2023
Transient Stability Improvement of Grid-Forming Converters Through Voltage Amplitude Regulation and Reactive Power Injection Si, Wenjia; Fang, Jingyang IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 38, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2023.3290170	journal	October 2023
Power-Synchronization Control of Grid-Connected Voltage-Source Converters Zhang, Lidong; Harnefors, Lennart; Nee, Hans-Peter IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2032231	journal	May 2010
Distributed Stability Conditions for Power Systems With Heterogeneous Nonlinear Bus Dynamics Yang, Peng; Liu, Feng; Wang, Zhaojian IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2951202	journal	May 2020
Definition and Classification of Power System Stability – Revisited & Extended Hatziargyriou, Nikos; Milanovic, Jovica; Rahmann, Claudia IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 36, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3041774	journal	July 2021
Equivalence of Virtual Synchronous Machines and Frequency-Droops for Converter-Based MicroGrids D'Arco, Salvatore; Suul, Jon Are IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2013.2288000	journal	January 2014
Passivity-Based Synchronization Stability Analysis for Power-Electronic-Interfaced Distributed Generations Qi, Yang; Deng, Han; Wang, Jinyu IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2020.3035261	journal	April 2021
Research Roadmap on Grid-Forming Inverters Lin, Yashen; Eto, Joseph H.; Johnson, Brian b. https://doi.org/10.2172/1721727	report	November 2020

Similar Records

Universal Passive Synchronization Method for Grid-Forming Inverters Without Mode Transition

Conference · Tue Aug 22 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · OSTI ID:2007869

Universal Passive Synchronization Method for Grid-Forming Inverters Without Mode Transition: Preprint

Conference · Mon Aug 14 20:00:00 EDT 2023 · OSTI ID:1995979

Small-Signal Analysis of Current-Limiting Grid-Forming Inverters

Journal Article · Sun Jan 18 19:00:00 EST 2026 · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · OSTI ID:3015908

Related Subjects

42 ENGINEERING
Grid-forming inverters
PortHamiltonian systems
passivity
virtual oscillator control

Control Design of Passive Grid-Forming Inverters in Port-Hamiltonian Framework

Citation Formats

References (39)

Similar Records

Related Subjects