DENSITY WAVES EXCITED BY LOW-MASS PLANETS IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. I. LINEAR REGIME
Density waves excited by planets embedded in protoplanetary disks play a central role in planetary migration and gap opening processes. We carry out two-dimensional shearing sheet simulations to study the linear regime of wave evolution with the grid-based code Athena and provide detailed comparisons with theoretical predictions. Low-mass planets (down to {approx}0.03 M{sub Circled-Plus} at 1 AU) and high spatial resolution (256 grid points per scale height) are chosen to mitigate the effects of wave nonlinearity. To complement the existing numerical studies, we focus on the primary physical variables such as the spatial profile of the wave, torque density, and the angular momentum flux carried by the wave, instead of secondary quantities such as the planetary migration rate. Our results show percent level agreement with theory in both physical and Fourier spaces. New phenomena such as the change of the toque density sign far from the planet are discovered and discussed. Also, we explore the effect of the numerical algorithms and find that a high order of accuracy, high resolution, and an accurate planetary potential are crucial to achieve good agreement with the theory. We find that the use of a too large time step without properly resolving the dynamical timescale around the planet produces incorrect results and may lead to spurious gap opening. Global simulations of planet migration and gap opening violating this requirement may be affected by spurious effects resulting in, e.g., the incorrect planetary migration rate and gap opening mass.
- OSTI ID:
- 21612730
- Journal Information:
- Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 741, Issue 1; Other Information: DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/56; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0004-637X
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
79 ASTROPHYSICS
COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY
ACCURACY
ALGORITHMS
ANGULAR MOMENTUM
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
HYDRODYNAMICS
MASS
MATHEMATICAL EVOLUTION
MATHEMATICAL SPACE
NONLINEAR PROBLEMS
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
PLANETS
PROTOPLANETS
SATELLITES
SCALE HEIGHT
SPATIAL RESOLUTION
TWO-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS
DIMENSIONS
EVOLUTION
FLUID MECHANICS
HEIGHT
MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
MATHEMATICS
MECHANICS
RESOLUTION
SIMULATION
SPACE