THE LOW FREQUENCY OF DUAL ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI VERSUS THE HIGH MERGER RATE OF GALAXIES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL

Journal Article · Thu Sep 01 04:00:00 EDT 2011 · Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/92· OSTI ID:21582893

Qingjuan, Yu ^[1]; Youjun, Lu ^[2]; Mohayaee, Roya; Colin, Jacques ^[3]

---

1. Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
2. National Astronomical Observatory of China, Beijing 100012 (China)
3. UPMC, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Bd. Arago, Paris 75014 (France)

Dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are natural byproducts of hierarchical mergers of galaxies in the {Lambda}CDM cosmogony. Recent observations have shown that only a small fraction ({approx}0.1%-2.5%) of AGNs at redshift z {approx}< 0.3 are dual with kpc-scale separations, which is rather low compared to the high merger rate of galaxies. Here we construct a phenomenological model to estimate the number density of dual AGNs and its evolution according to the observationally estimated major merger rates of galaxies and various scaling relations on the properties of galaxies and their central massive black holes. We show that our model reproduces the observed frequency and separation distribution of dual AGNs provided that significant nuclear activities are triggered only in gas-rich progenitor galaxies with central massive black holes and only when the nuclei of these galaxies are roughly within the half-light radii of their companion galaxies. Under these constraints, the observed low dual AGN frequency is consistent with the relatively high merger rate of galaxies and supports the hypothesis that major mergers lead to AGN/QSO activities. We also predict that the number of kpc-scale dual AGNs decreases with increasing redshift and only about 0.02%-0.06% of AGNs are dual AGNs with double-peaked narrow line features at redshifts of z {approx} 0.5-1.2. Future observations of high-redshift dual AGNs would provide a solid test for this prediction.

• OSTI ID: 21582893
• Journal Information: Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 738; ISSN ASJOAB; ISSN 0004-637X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
BLACK HOLES
GALAXIES
GALAXY NUCLEI
RED SHIFT