Fabrication of carbon microcapsules containing silicon nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes nanocomposite by sol-gel method for anode in lithium ion battery
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yong-In City 446-712, Gyeong-Gi Province (Korea, Republic of)
Carbon microcapsules containing silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite (Si-CNT-C) have been fabricated by a surfactant mediated sol-gel method followed by a carbonization process. Silicon nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes (Si-CNT) nanohybrids were produced by a wet-type beadsmill method. To obtain Si-CNT nanocomposites with spherical morphologies, a silica precursor (tetraethylorthosilicate, TEOS) and polymer (PMMA) mixture was employed as a structure-directing medium. Thus the Si-CNT/Silica-Polymer microspheres were prepared by an acid catalyzed sol-gel method. Then a carbon precursor such as polypyrrole (PPy) was incorporated onto the surfaces of pre-existing Si-CNT/silica-polymer to generate Si-CNT/Silica-Polymer-PPy microspheres. Subsequent thermal treatment of the precursor followed by wet etching of silica produced Si-CNT-C microcapsules. The intermediate silica/polymer must disappear during the carbonization and etching process resulting in the formation of an internal free space. The carbon precursor polymer should transform to carbon shell to encapsulate remaining Si-CNT nanocomposites. Therefore, hollow carbon microcapsules containing Si-CNT nanocomposites could be obtained (Si-CNT-C). The successful fabrication was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These final materials were employed for anode performance improvement in lithium ion battery. The cyclic performances of these Si-CNT-C microcapsules were measured with a lithium battery half cell tests. - Graphical Abstract: Carbon microcapsules containing silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite (Si-CNT-C) have been fabricated by a surfactant mediated sol-gel method. Highlights: > Polymeric microcapsules containing Si-CNT transformed to carbon microcapsules. > Accommodate volume changes of Si NPs during Li ion charge/discharge. > Sizes of microcapsules were controlled by experimental parameters. > Lithium storage capacity and coulombic efficiency were demonstrated. > Use of sol-gel procedure as intermediate reaction.
- OSTI ID:
- 21580132
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 184, Issue 7; Other Information: DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.05.012; PII: S0022-4596(11)00261-1; Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; ISSN 0022-4596
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
CARBON
CARBONIZATION
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
HEAT TREATMENTS
LITHIUM
LITHIUM IONS
MORPHOLOGY
NANOTUBES
PARTICLES
PMMA
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
SILICA
SILICON
SOL-GEL PROCESS
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
ALKALI METALS
CHARGED PARTICLES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COHERENT SCATTERING
DECOMPOSITION
DIFFRACTION
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
ELEMENTS
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
ENERGY SYSTEMS
ESTERS
IONS
MATERIALS
METALS
MICROSCOPY
MINERALS
NANOSTRUCTURES
NONMETALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
OXIDE MINERALS
POLYACRYLATES
POLYMERS
POLYVINYLS
SCATTERING
SEMIMETALS