Fabrication of carbon microcapsules containing silicon nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes nanocomposite by sol-gel method for anode in lithium ion battery

Journal Article · Fri Jul 15 04:00:00 EDT 2011 · Journal of Solid State Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2011.05.012· OSTI ID:21580132

Bae, Joonwon ^[1]

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1. Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yong-In City 446-712, Gyeong-Gi Province (Korea, Republic of)

Carbon microcapsules containing silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite (Si-CNT-C) have been fabricated by a surfactant mediated sol-gel method followed by a carbonization process. Silicon nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes (Si-CNT) nanohybrids were produced by a wet-type beadsmill method. To obtain Si-CNT nanocomposites with spherical morphologies, a silica precursor (tetraethylorthosilicate, TEOS) and polymer (PMMA) mixture was employed as a structure-directing medium. Thus the Si-CNT/Silica-Polymer microspheres were prepared by an acid catalyzed sol-gel method. Then a carbon precursor such as polypyrrole (PPy) was incorporated onto the surfaces of pre-existing Si-CNT/silica-polymer to generate Si-CNT/Silica-Polymer-PPy microspheres. Subsequent thermal treatment of the precursor followed by wet etching of silica produced Si-CNT-C microcapsules. The intermediate silica/polymer must disappear during the carbonization and etching process resulting in the formation of an internal free space. The carbon precursor polymer should transform to carbon shell to encapsulate remaining Si-CNT nanocomposites. Therefore, hollow carbon microcapsules containing Si-CNT nanocomposites could be obtained (Si-CNT-C). The successful fabrication was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These final materials were employed for anode performance improvement in lithium ion battery. The cyclic performances of these Si-CNT-C microcapsules were measured with a lithium battery half cell tests. - Graphical Abstract: Carbon microcapsules containing silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite (Si-CNT-C) have been fabricated by a surfactant mediated sol-gel method. Highlights: > Polymeric microcapsules containing Si-CNT transformed to carbon microcapsules. > Accommodate volume changes of Si NPs during Li ion charge/discharge. > Sizes of microcapsules were controlled by experimental parameters. > Lithium storage capacity and coulombic efficiency were demonstrated. > Use of sol-gel procedure as intermediate reaction.

• OSTI ID: 21580132
• Journal Information: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Journal Name: Journal of Solid State Chemistry Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 184; ISSN 0022-4596; ISSN JSSCBI
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
ALKALI METALS
CARBON
CARBONIZATION
CHARGED PARTICLES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COHERENT SCATTERING
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
DECOMPOSITION
DIFFRACTION
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
ELEMENTS
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
ENERGY SYSTEMS
ESTERS
HEAT TREATMENTS
IONS
LITHIUM
LITHIUM IONS
MATERIALS
METALS
MICROSCOPY
MINERALS
MORPHOLOGY
NANOSTRUCTURES
NANOTUBES
NONMETALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
OXIDE MINERALS
PARTICLES
PMMA
POLYACRYLATES
POLYMERS
POLYVINYLS
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
SCATTERING
SEMIMETALS
SILICA
SILICON
SOL-GEL PROCESS
X-RAY DIFFRACTION