THE 10k zCOSMOS: MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF GALAXIES IN THE GROUP ENVIRONMENT SINCE z {approx}1

Journal Article · Tue Jul 20 00:00:00 EDT 2010 · Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/86· OSTI ID:21455165

Kovac, K; Lilly, S J; Knobel, C; Carollo, C M; Kampczyk, P; Peng, Y; Oesch, P ^[1]; Bolzonella, M; Zamorani, G; Pozzetti, L; Zucca, E ^[2]; Iovino, A ^[3]; Scarlata, C ^[4]; Sargent, M ^[5]; Cucciati, O; Tasca, L A. M.; Kneib, J -P ^[6]; Scodeggio, M ^[7]; Finoguenov, A ^[8]; Contini, T ^[9]

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1. Institute of Astronomy, ETH Zuerich, CH-8093, Zuerich (Switzerland)
2. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, I-40127, Bologna (Italy)
3. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milan (Italy)
4. Spitzer Science Center, 314-6 Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States)
5. Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astronomie, Koeningstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg (Germany)
6. Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Marseille (France)
7. INAF-IASF Milano, Milan (Italy)
8. Max-Planck-Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik, D-84571 Garching (Germany)
9. Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse (France)

We study the evolution of galaxies inside and outside of the group environment since z = 1 using a large well-defined set of groups and galaxies from the zCOSMOS-bright redshift survey in the COSMOS field. The fraction of galaxies with early-type morphologies increases monotonically with M{sub B} luminosity and stellar mass and with cosmic epoch. It is higher in the groups than elsewhere, especially at later epochs. The emerging environmental effect is superposed on a strong global mass-driven evolution, and at z {approx} 0.5 and log(M{sub *}/M{sub sun}) {approx} 10.2, the 'effect' of the group environment is equivalent to (only) about 0.2 dex in stellar mass or 2 Gyr in time. The stellar mass function of galaxies in groups is enriched in massive galaxies. We directly determine the transformation rates from late to early morphologies, and for transformations involving color and star formation indicators. The transformation rates are systematically about twice as high in the groups as outside, or up to three to four times higher correcting for infall and the appearance of new groups. The rates reach values as high as 0.3-0.7 Gyr{sup -1} in the groups (for masses around the crossing mass 10{sup 10.5} M{sub sun}), implying transformation timescales of 1.4-3 Gyr, compared with less than 0.2 Gyr{sup -1}, i.e., timescales >5 Gyr, outside of groups. All three transformation rates decrease at higher stellar masses, and must also decrease at lower masses below 10{sup 10} M{sub sun} which we cannot probe well. The rates involving color and star formation are consistently higher than those for morphology, by a factor of about 50%. Our conclusion is that the transformations that drive the evolution of the overall galaxy population since z {approx} 1 must occur at a rate two to four times higher in groups than outside of them.

• OSTI ID: 21455165
• Journal Information: Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 718, Issue 1; Other Information: DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/86; ISSN 0004-637X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTROPHYSICS
COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY
GALACTIC EVOLUTION
GALAXIES
GALAXY CLUSTERS
LUMINOSITY
MASS
MORPHOLOGY
RED SHIFT
STARS
UNIVERSE
EVOLUTION
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES