Equilibrium K-, L-, and M-shell ionizations and charge-state distribution of sulfur projectiles passing through solid targets

Journal Article · Sun Aug 15 04:00:00 EDT 2010 · Physical Review. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVA.82.022709· OSTI ID:21448506

Braziewicz, J; Majewska, U; Banas, D ^[1]; Polasik, M; Slabkowska, K; Koziol, K ^[2]; Jaskola, M; Korman, A ^[3]; Kretschmer, W ^[4]; Choinski, J ^[5]

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1. Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, PL-25-406 Kielce (Poland)
2. Faculty of Chemistry, Nicholas Copernicus University, PL-87-100 Torun (Poland)
3. Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, PL-05-400 Otwock-Swierk (Poland)
4. Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, D-91058 Erlangen (Germany)
5. Heavy Ion Laboratory, Warsaw University, PL-02-097 Warsaw (Poland)

In the present work, an alternative approach for the evaluation of the equilibrium K-, L-, and M-shell ionizations and the mean charge state q for projectiles passing through various targets has been proposed. The approach is based on measured K x-ray energy shifts and line intensity ratios and utilizes the theoretical analysis of projectile spectra using multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations. It was applied for the satellite and hypersatellite K lines in the x-ray spectra emitted by sulfur projectiles passing with energies of 9.6-122 MeV through carbon, aluminium, titanium, and iron targets, recorded by a Si(Li) detector. It was found that only in the high projectile energy region there was significant dependence of mean equilibrium K-shell ionization on the target atomic number. The equilibrium L-shell ionization rises with the increase of sulfur energy until 32 MeV, but for higher energies the changes are very weak. The equilibrium M-shell ionization changes very weakly for low projectile energy while for higher energies this ionization is practically constant. For each target, the estimated value of q rises with the increase of the sulfur energy value. The dependence of the sulfur charge state on the target atomic number was discussed by taking into account the cross sections for ionization, decay, and electron capture processes. The data were compared with the experimental data measured by other authors and with the predictions of Shima's and Schiwietz and Grande's semiempirical formulas. The presented good agreement points out that this alternative approach delivers quantitative results.

• OSTI ID: 21448506
• Journal Information: Physical Review. A, Journal Name: Physical Review. A Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 82; ISSN 1050-2947; ISSN PLRAAN
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
ALUMINIUM
APPROXIMATIONS
ATOM COLLISIONS
CALCULATION METHODS
CAPTURE
CARBON
CHARGE STATES
CHARGED PARTICLES
COLLISIONS
CROSS SECTIONS
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
DIRAC EQUATION
ELECTRON CAPTURE
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
ELEMENTS
ENERGY RANGE
EQUATIONS
FIELD EQUATIONS
HARTREE-FOCK METHOD
ION COLLISIONS
ION-ATOM COLLISIONS
IONIZATION
IONS
IRON
K SHELL
L SHELL
LI-DRIFTED DETECTORS
LI-DRIFTED SI DETECTORS
M SHELL
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
METALS
MEV RANGE
NONMETALS
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
RADIATION DETECTORS
SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTORS
SI SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTORS
SPECTRA
SULFUR IONS
TITANIUM
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
WAVE EQUATIONS
X-RAY SPECTRA