Biocompatibility, Inflammatory Response, and Recannalization Characteristics of Nonradioactive Resin Microspheres: Histological Findings
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Department of Histology, School of Veterinary (Spain)
- Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Department of Internal Medicine (Liver Unit) (Spain)
Intra-arterial radiotherapy with yttrium-90 microspheres (radioembolization) is a therapeutic procedure exclusively applied to the liver that allows the direct delivery of high-dose radiation to liver tumors, by means of endovascular catheters, selectively placed within the tumor vasculature. The aim of the study was to describe the distribution of spheres within the precapillaries, inflammatory response, and recannalization characteristics after embolization with nonradioactive resin microspheres in the kidney and liver. We performed a partial embolization of the liver and kidney vessels in nine white pigs. The left renal and left hepatic arteries were catheterized and filled with nonradioactive resin microspheres. Embolization was defined as the initiation of near-stasis of blood flow, rather than total occlusion of the vessels. The hepatic circulation was not isolated so that the effects of reflux of microspheres into stomach could be observed. Animals were sacrificed at 48 h, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, and tissue samples from the kidney, liver, lung, and stomach evaluated. Microscopic evaluation revealed clusters of 10-30 microspheres (15-30 {mu}m in diameter) in the small vessels of the kidney (the arciform arteries, vasa recti, and glomerular afferent vessels) and liver. Aggregates were associated with focal ischemia and mild vascular wall damage. Occlusion of the small vessels was associated with a mild perivascular inflammatory reaction. After filling of the left hepatic artery with microspheres, there was some evidence of arteriovenous shunting into the lungs, and one case of cholecystitis and one case of marked gastritis and ulceration at the site of arterial occlusion due to the presence of clusters of microspheres. Beyond 48 h, microspheres were progressively integrated into the vascular wall by phagocytosis and the lumen recannalized. Eight-week evaluation found that the perivascular inflammatory reaction was mild. Liver cell damage, bile duct injury, and portal space fibrosis were not observed. In conclusion, resin microspheres (15-30 {mu}m diameter) trigger virtually no inflammatory response in target tissues (liver and kidney). Clusters rather than individual microspheres were associated with a mild to moderate perivascular inflammatory reaction. There was no evidence of either a prolonged inflammatory reaction or fibrosis in the liver parenchyma following recannalization.
- OSTI ID:
- 21428487
- Journal Information:
- Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Journal Name: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 32; ISSN 0174-1551; ISSN CAIRDG
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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ANEMIAS
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
ARTERIES
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BILIARY TRACT
BLOOD VESSELS
BODY
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DISEASES
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
GLANDS
HEMIC DISEASES
HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
INFLAMMATION
INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI
ISCHEMIA
ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES
KIDNEYS
LIVER
LIVER CELLS
MAMMALS
MEDICINE
MICROSPHERES
NEOPLASMS
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
NUCLEI
ODD-ODD NUCLEI
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
ORGANS
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
PETROCHEMICALS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
POLYMERS
RADIOISOTOPES
RADIOLOGY
RADIOTHERAPY
RESINS
SOMATIC CELLS
SWINE
SYMPTOMS
THERAPY
VASCULAR DISEASES
VERTEBRATES
YTTRIUM 90
YTTRIUM ISOTOPES