Mechanism for the formation of tin oxide nanoparticles and nanowires inside the mesopores of SBA-15

Journal Article · Thu Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2009 · Journal of Solid State Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.07.039· OSTI ID:21372352

Satishkumar, G; Titelman, L ^[1]

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1. Blechner Center for Industrial Catalysis and Process Development, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105 (Israel)

The formation of polycrystalline tin oxide nanoparticles (NP) and nanowires was investigated using nanocasting approach included solid-liquid strategy for insertion of SnCl{sub 2} precursor and SBA-15 silica as a hard template. HR-TEM and XRD revealed that during the thermal treatment in air 5 nm tin oxide NP with well defined Cassiterite structure were formed inside the SBA-15 matrix mesopores at 250 deg. C. After air calcination at 700 deg. C the NP assembled inside the SBA-15 mesopores as polycrystalline nanorods with different orientation of atomic layers in jointed nanocrystals. It was found that the structure silanols of silica matrix play a vital role in creating the tin oxide NP at low temperature. The pure tin chloride heated in air at 250 deg. C did not react with oxygen to yield tin oxide. Tin oxide NP were also formed during the thermal treatment of the tin chloride loaded SBA-15 in helium atmosphere at 250 deg. C. Hence, it is well evident that silanols present in the silica matrix not only increase the wetting of tin chloride over the surface of SBA-15 favoring its penetration to the matrix pores, but also react with hydrated tin chloride according to the proposed scheme to give tin oxide inside the mesopores. It was confirmed by XRD, N{sub 2}-adsorption, TGA-DSC and FTIR spectra. This phenomenon was further corroborated by detecting the inhibition of SnO{sub 2} NP formation at 250 deg. C after inserting the tin precursor to SBA-15 with reduced silanols concentration partially grafted with tin chloride. - Graphical abstract: The mechanism of formation of polycrystalline tin oxide nanoparticles (NP) and nanowires was investigated using nanocasting approach included solid-liquid strategy for insertion of SnCl{sub 2} precursor and SBA-15 silica as a hard template. It was found that the structure silanols of silica matrix play a vital role in creating the tin oxide NP during thermal treatment.

• OSTI ID: 21372352
• Journal Information: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 182, Issue 10; Other Information: DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2009.07.039; PII: S0022-4596(09)00353-3; Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; ISSN 0022-4596
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
HEAT TREATMENTS
HELIUM
POLYCRYSTALS
QUANTUM WIRES
SILICA
TEMPERATURE RANGE 0400-1000 K
TIN CHLORIDES
TIN OXIDES
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
CHALCOGENIDES
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
COHERENT SCATTERING
CRYSTALS
DIFFRACTION
ELEMENTS
FLUIDS
GASES
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
MINERALS
NANOSTRUCTURES
NONMETALS
OXIDE MINERALS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
RARE GASES
SCATTERING
TEMPERATURE RANGE
TIN COMPOUNDS
TIN HALIDES