A SPITZER CENSUS OF STAR FORMATION ACTIVITY IN THE PIPE NEBULA

Journal Article · Sat Oct 10 04:00:00 EDT 2009 · Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/704/1/292· OSTI ID:21367450

Forbrich, Jan; Lada, Charles J; Muench, August A ^[1]; Alves, Joao ^[2]; Lombardi, Marco ^[3]

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1. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States)
2. Calar Alto Observatory, Centro Astronomico Hispano Aleman, C/Jesus Durban Remon, 2-2, 04004 Almeria (Spain)
3. European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching (Germany)

The Pipe Nebula, a large nearby molecular cloud, lacks obvious signposts of star formation in all but one of more than 130 dust extinction cores that have been identified within it. In order to quantitatively determine the current level of star formation activity in the Pipe Nebula, we analyzed 13 deg{sup 2} of sensitive mid-infrared maps of the entire cloud, obtained with the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer at wavelengths of 24 mum and 70 mum, to search for candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) in the high-extinction regions. We argue that our search is complete for class I and typical class II YSOs with luminosities of L {sub bol} approx 0.2 L {sub sun} and greater. We find only 18 candidate YSOs in the high-extinction regions of the entire Pipe cloud. Twelve of these sources are previously known members of a small cluster associated with Barnard 59, the largest and most massive dense core in the cloud. With only six candidate class I and class II YSOs detected toward extinction cores outside of this cluster, our findings emphatically confirm the notion of an extremely low level of star formation activity in the Pipe Nebula. The resulting star formation efficiency for the entire cloud mass is only approx0.06%.

• OSTI ID: 21367450
• Journal Information: Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 704; ISSN ASJOAB; ISSN 0004-637X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
CLOUDS
DUSTS
LUMINOSITY
MAPS
MASS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
NEBULAE
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
PHOTOMETERS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STARS
WAVELENGTHS