Nrf2 protects against airway disorders

Journal Article · Thu Apr 01 04:00:00 EDT 2010 · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.024· OSTI ID:21344906

Cho, Hye-Youn ^[1]; Kleeberger, Steven R ^[1]

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1. Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Building 101, MD D-201, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States)

Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a ubiquitous master transcription factor that regulates antioxidant response elements (AREs)-mediated expression of antioxidant enzyme and cytoprotective proteins. In the unstressed condition, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) suppresses cellular Nrf2 in cytoplasm and drives its proteasomal degradation. Nrf2 can be activated by diverse stimuli including oxidants, pro-oxidants, antioxidants, and chemopreventive agents. Nrf2 induces cellular rescue pathways against oxidative injury, abnormal inflammatory and immune responses, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Application of Nrf2 germ-line mutant mice has identified an extensive range of protective roles for Nrf2 in experimental models of human disorders in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, airway, kidney, brain, circulation, and immune or nerve system. In the lung, lack of Nrf2 exacerbated toxicity caused by multiple oxidative insults including supplemental respiratory therapy (e.g., hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation), cigarette smoke, allergen, virus, bacterial endotoxin and other inflammatory agents (e.g., carrageenin), environmental pollution (e.g., particles), and a fibrotic agent bleomycin. Microarray analyses and bioinformatic studies elucidated functional AREs and Nrf2-directed genes that are critical components of signaling mechanisms in pulmonary protection by Nrf2. Association of loss of function with promoter polymorphisms in NRF2 or somatic and epigenetic mutations in KEAP1 and NRF2 has been found in cohorts of patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome or lung cancer, which further supports the role for NRF2 in these lung diseases. In the current review, we address the role of Nrf2 in airways based on emerging evidence from experimental oxidative disease models and human studies.

• OSTI ID: 21344906
• Journal Information: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Journal Name: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 244; ISSN TXAPA9; ISSN 0041-008X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AEROSOLS
ANIMALS
ANTIOXIDANTS
BODY
BRAIN
CARCINOGENESIS
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COLLOIDS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DISEASES
DISPERSIONS
FIBROSIS
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
GLANDS
INFLAMMATION
INJURIES
KIDNEYS
LIVER
LUNGS
MALES
MAMMALS
MAN
MEDICINE
MEN
MICE
MICROORGANISMS
NEOPLASMS
NERVOUS SYSTEM
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
OXIDATION
OXIDIZERS
PARASITES
PATHOGENESIS
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
PRIMATES
PROTEINS
RESIDUES
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RODENTS
SMOKES
SOLS
SYMPTOMS
THERAPY
TOBACCO SMOKES
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
VERTEBRATES
VIRUSES