Electrodynamics with Lorentz-violating operators of arbitrary dimension
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 (United States)
- Physics Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 (United States)
The behavior of photons in the presence of Lorentz and CPT violation is studied. Allowing for operators of arbitrary mass dimension, we classify all gauge-invariant Lorentz- and CPT-violating terms in the quadratic Lagrange density associated with the effective photon propagator. The covariant dispersion relation is obtained, and conditions for birefringence are discussed. We provide a complete characterization of the coefficients for Lorentz violation for all mass dimensions via a decomposition using spin-weighted spherical harmonics. The resulting nine independent sets of spherical coefficients control birefringence, dispersion, and anisotropy in the photon propagator. We discuss the restriction of the general theory to various special models, including among others the minimal standard-model extension, the isotropic limit, the case of vacuum propagation, the nonbirefringent limit, and the vacuum-orthogonal model. The transformation of the spherical coefficients for Lorentz violation between the laboratory frame and the standard Sun-centered frame is provided. We apply the results to various astrophysical observations and laboratory experiments. Astrophysical searches of relevance include studies of birefringence and of dispersion. We use polarimetric and dispersive data from gamma-ray bursts to set constraints on coefficients for Lorentz violation involving operators of dimensions four through nine, and we describe the mixing of polarizations induced by Lorentz and CPT violation in the cosmic-microwave background. Laboratory searches of interest include cavity experiments. We present the general theory for searches with cavities, derive the experiment-dependent factors for coefficients in the vacuum-orthogonal model, and predict the corresponding frequency shift for a circular-cylindrical cavity.
- OSTI ID:
- 21308557
- Journal Information:
- Physical Review. D, Particles Fields, Vol. 80, Issue 1; Other Information: DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.80.015020; (c) 2009 The American Physical Society; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0556-2821
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ANISOTROPY
ASTROPHYSICS
COSMIC GAMMA BURSTS
CPT THEOREM
CYLINDRICAL CONFIGURATION
DENSITY
DISPERSION RELATIONS
ELECTRODYNAMICS
GAUGE INVARIANCE
LORENTZ INVARIANCE
MASS
MIXING
PHOTONS
POLARIZATION
RELICT RADIATION
SPHERICAL CONFIGURATION
SPIN
STANDARD MODEL
SUN
TRANSFORMATIONS