Simvastatin Ameliorates Radiation Enteropathy Development After Localized, Fractionated Irradiation by a Protein C-Independent Mechanism

Journal Article · Wed Aug 01 04:00:00 EDT 2007 · International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.03.036· OSTI ID:20953607

Junru, Wang ^[1]; Boerma, Marjan ^[2]; Qiang, Fu ^[3]; Kulkarni, Ashwini ^[1]; Fink, Louis M ^[4]; Hauer-Jensen, Martin ^[5]

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1. Department of Surgery, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR (United States)
2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR (United States)
3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR (United States)
4. Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, NV (United States)
5. Department of Surgery, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR (United States) and Department of Pathology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR (United States) and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Surgery Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR (United States)

Purpose: Microvascular injury plays a key role in normal tissue radiation responses. Statins, in addition to their lipid-lowering effects, have vasculoprotective properties that may counteract some effects of radiation on normal tissues. We examined whether administration of simvastatin ameliorates intestinal radiation injury, and whether the effect depends on protein C activation. Methods and Materials: Rats received localized, fractionated small bowel irradiation. The animals were fed either regular chow or chow containing simvastatin from 2 weeks before irradiation until termination of the experiment. Groups of rats were euthanized at 2 weeks and 26 weeks for assessment of early and delayed radiation injury by quantitative histology, morphometry, and quantitative immunohistochemistry. Dependency on protein C activation was examined in thrombomodulin (TM) mutant mice with deficient ability to activate protein C. Results: Simvastatin administration was associated with lower radiation injury scores (p < 0.0001), improved mucosal preservation (p = 0.0009), and reduced thickening of the intestinal wall and subserosa (p = 0.008 and p = 0.004), neutrophil infiltration (p = 0.04), and accumulation of collagen I (p = 0.0003). The effect of simvastatin was consistently more pronounced for delayed than for early injury. Surprisingly, simvastatin reduced intestinal radiation injury in TM mutant mice, indicating that the enteroprotective effect of simvastatin after localized irradiation is unrelated to protein C activation. Conclusions: Simvastatin ameliorates the intestinal radiation response. The radioprotective effect of simvastatin after localized small bowel irradiation does not appear to be related to protein C activation. Statins should undergo clinical testing as a strategy to minimize side effects of radiation on the intestine and other normal tissues.

• OSTI ID: 20953607
• Journal Information: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, Journal Name: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 68; ISSN IOBPD3; ISSN 0360-3016
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
COLLAGEN
DELAYED RADIATION EFFECTS
ENDOTHELIUM
FRACTIONATED IRRADIATION
INTESTINES
LIPIDS
MICE
NEUTROPHILS
RADIATION INJURIES
RATS
SIDE EFFECTS