Wastes as co-fuels: the policy framework for solid recovered fuel (SRF) in Europe, with UK implications
- Cranfield University, Cranfield (United Kingdom). Sustainable Systems Department, School of Applied Sciences
European Union (EU) member states are adopting the mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) of municipal solid waste (MSW) to comply with EU Landfill Directive (LD) targets on landfill diversion. We review the policy framework for MSW-derived solid recovered fuel (SRF), composed of paper, plastic, and textiles, in the energy-intensive industries. A comparatively high calorific value (15-18 MJ/kg) fuel, SRF has the potential to partially replace fossil fuel in energy-intensive industries, alongside MSW in dedicated combustion facilities. Attempts by the European standards organization (CEN) to classify fuel properties consider net calorific value (CV) and chlorine and mercury content. However, the particle size, moisture content, and fuel composition also require attention and future studies must address these parameters. We critically review the implications of using SRF as a co-fuel in thermal processes. A thermodynamic analysis provides insight into the technical and environmental feasibility of co-combusting SRF in coal-fired power plants and cement kilns. Results indicate the use of SRF as co-fuel can reduce global warming and acidification potential significantly. This policy analysis is of value to waste managers, policy specialists, regulators, and the waste management research community. 63 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.
- OSTI ID:
- 20939472
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 41, Issue 140; Other Information: s.pollard@cranfield.ac.uk; ISSN 0013-936X
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
29 ENERGY PLANNING
POLICY AND ECONOMY
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
COCOMBUSTION
MUNICIPAL WASTES
SOLID WASTES
COAL
KILNS
CEMENTS
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER PLANTS
CALORIFIC VALUE
WASTE PRODUCT UTILIZATION
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
EUROPEAN UNION
COPROCESSING
MITIGATION
CLIMATIC CHANGE
ACIDIFICATION
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
POLLUTION REGULATIONS
FUEL SUBSTITUTION
HEAVY METALS
UNITED KINGDOM
COMPLIANCE
THERMODYNAMIC MODEL
SANITARY LANDFILLS