Structural and microstructural changes in monoclinic ZrO{sub 2} during the ball-milling with stainless steel assembly

Journal Article · Thu Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2006 · Materials Research Bulletin

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2005.10.006· OSTI ID:20891661

Stefanic, G ^[1]; Music, S ^[1]; Gajovic, A ^[1]

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1. Ruder Boskovic Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb (Croatia)

High-energy ball-milling of monoclinic ZrO{sub 2} was performed in air using the planetary ball mill with a stainless steel milling assembly. Structural and microstructural changes during the ball-milling were monitored using X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Moessbauer spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The results of line broadening analysis indicated a decrease in the crystallite size and an increase in the microstrains with the ball-milling time increased up to {approx}150 min. The results of quantitative phase analysis indicated the presence of a very small amount of tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} phase in this early stage of ball-milling. The onset of m-ZrO{sub 2} {sup {yields}} t-ZrO{sub 2} transition occurred between 10 and 15 h of ball-milling, which resulted in a complete transition after 20 h of ball-milling. Further ball-milling caused a decrease of the t-ZrO{sub 2} lattice parameters followed by a probable transition into c-ZrO{sub 2}. It was concluded that the stabilization of t- and c-ZrO{sub 2} polymorphs at RT can be attributed to the incorporation of aliovalent cations (Fe{sup 2+}, Fe{sup 3+} and Cr{sup 3+}) introduced into the sample due to the wear and oxidation of the milling media.

• OSTI ID: 20891661
• Journal Information: Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 41, Issue 4; Other Information: DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2005.10.006; PII: S0025-5408(05)00386-7; Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0025-5408
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
CHROMIUM IONS
FIELD EMISSION
IRON IONS
LATTICE PARAMETERS
LINE BROADENING
MICROSTRUCTURE
MILLING
MOESSBAUER EFFECT
MONOCLINIC LATTICES
OXIDATION
PHASE STUDIES
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
STABILIZATION
STAINLESS STEELS
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY
ZIRCONIUM OXIDES