Prediction and observation of tin and silver plasmas with index of refraction greater than one in the soft x-ray range

Journal Article · Sat Jul 15 00:00:00 EDT 2006 · Physical Review. E, Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVE.74.016404· OSTI ID:20860619

Filevich, Jorge ^[1]; Grava, Jonathan; Purvis, Mike; Marconi, Mario C ^[2]; Rocca, Jorge J ^[2]; Nilsen, Joseph; Dunn, James; Johnson, Walter R ^[3]

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1. Department of Physics, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 (United States)
2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 (United States)
3. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551 (United States)

We present the calculated prediction and the experimental confirmation that doubly ionized Ag and Sn plasmas can have an index of refraction greater than one for soft x-ray wavelengths. Interferometry experiments conducted using a capillary discharge soft x-ray laser operating at a wavelength of 46.9 nm (26.44 eV) confirm that in few times ionized laser-created plasmas of these elements the anomalous dispersion from bound electrons can dominate the free electron contribution, making the index of refraction greater than one. The results confirm that bound electrons can strongly influence the index of refraction of numerous plasmas over a broad range of soft x-ray wavelengths confirming recent observations. The understanding of index of refraction at short wavelengths will become even more essential during the next decade as x-ray free electron lasers will become available to probe a wider variety of plasmas at higher densities and shorter wavelengths.

• OSTI ID: 20860619
• Journal Information: Physical Review. E, Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics, Vol. 74, Issue 1; Other Information: DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.016404; (c) 2006 The American Physical Society; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 1063-651X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
CAPILLARIES
ELECTRONS
FREE ELECTRON LASERS
INTERFEROMETRY
LASER-PRODUCED PLASMA
PLASMA DENSITY
PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS
PLASMA PRODUCTION
REFRACTIVE INDEX
SILVER
SOFT X RADIATION
TIN
WAVELENGTHS
X-RAY SOURCES