Biomarkers of cadmium and arsenic interactions

Journal Article · Sun Aug 07 04:00:00 EDT 2005 · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.028· OSTI ID:20721847

Nordberg, G F ^[1]; Jin, T ^[1]; Hong, F ^[2]; Zhang, A ^[2]; Buchet, J P ^[3]; Bernard, A ^[3]

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1. Environmental Medicine, Umea University, S-901 87 Umea (Sweden)
2. Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004 (China)
3. Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200 (Belgium)

Advances in proteomics have led to the identification of sensitive urinary biomarkers of renal dysfunction that are increasingly used in toxicology and epidemiology. Recent animal data show that combined exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) gives rise to more pronounced renal toxicity than exposure to each of the agents alone. In order to examine if similar interaction occurs in humans, renal dysfunction was studied in population groups (619 persons in total) residing in two metal contaminated areas in China: mainly a Cd contaminated area in Zhejiang province (Z-area) and mainly a As contaminated area in Guizhou province (G-area). Nearby control areas without excessive metal exposure were also included. Measurements of urinary {beta}{sub 2}-microglobulin (UB2MG), N-acetyl-{beta}-glucosaminidase (UNAG), retinol binding protein (URBP) and albumin (UALB) were used as markers of renal dysfunction. Urinary Cd (UCd) and total As (UTAs) were analyzed by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Urinary inorganic As and its mono- and di-methylated metabolites (UIAs) were determined by Hydride generation. Results. As expected, the highest UCd values occurred in Z-area (Geometric mean, GM 11.6 {mu}g/g crea) while the highest UTAs values occurred in G-area (GM = 288 {mu}g/g crea). Statistically significant increases compared to the respective control area were present both for UTAs, UCd and for UB2MG, UNAG and UALB in Z-area as well as in G-area. UIAs was determined only in Z area. In G-area, there was a clear dose-response pattern both in relation to UTAs and UCd for each of the biomarkers of renal dysfunction. An interaction effect between As and Cd was demonstrated at higher levels of a combined exposure to As and Cd enhancing the effect on the kidney. In Z-area an increased prevalence of B2MG-uria, NAG-uria and ALB-uria was found in relation to UCd, but no relationship to UTAs was found. A statistically significant relationship between UIAs and UB2MG was found among women in this area and an interaction between As and Cd was indicated for B2MG. Conclusion. The present studies, which employed sensitive biomarkers of renal dysfunction, give support to the idea that human co-exposure to Cd and inorganic arsenic gives rise to more pronounced renal damage than exposure to each of the elements alone, but further studies are needed to establish and clarify this interaction.

• OSTI ID: 20721847
• Journal Information: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Journal Name: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 206; ISSN TXAPA9; ISSN 0041-008X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
ALBUMINS
ARSENIC
BIOLOGICAL MARKERS
CADMIUM
EPIDEMIOLOGY
GRAPHITE
HYDRIDES
KIDNEYS
METABOLITES
PUBLIC HEALTH
SPECTROSCOPY
TOXICITY
VITAMIN A