Pinning and collective modes of a vortex lattice in a Bose-Einstein condensate

Journal Article · Wed Jun 15 04:00:00 EDT 2005 · Physical Review. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.71.063607· OSTI ID:20717949

Reijnders, J W ^[1]; Duine, R A ^[2]

---

1. Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Valkenierstraat 65, 1018 XE Amsterdam (Netherlands)
2. Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-0264 (United States)

We consider the ground state of vortices in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate that is loaded in a corotating two-dimensional optical lattice. Due to the competition between vortex interactions and their potential energy, the vortices arrange themselves in various patterns, depending on the strength of the optical potential and the vortex density. We outline a method to determine the phase diagram for arbitrary vortex filling factor. Using this method, we discuss several filling factors explicitly. For increasing strength of the optical lattice, the system exhibits a transition from the unpinned hexagonal lattice to a lattice structure where all the vortices are pinned by the optical lattice. The geometry of this fully pinned vortex lattice depends on the filling factor and is either square or triangular. For some filling factors there is an intermediate half-pinned phase where only half of the vortices is pinned. We also consider the case of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate, where the possible coexistence of the above-mentioned phases further enriches the phase diagram. In addition, we calculate the dispersion of the low-lying collective modes of the vortex lattice and find that, depending on the structure of the ground state, they can be gapped or gapless. Moreover, in the half-pinned and fully pinned phases, the collective mode dispersion is anisotropic. Possible experiments to probe the collective mode spectrum, and in particular the gap, are suggested.

• OSTI ID: 20717949
• Journal Information: Physical Review. A, Journal Name: Physical Review. A Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 71; ISSN 1050-2947; ISSN PLRAAN
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
ANISOTROPY
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION
DENSITY
GEOMETRY
GROUND STATES
HEXAGONAL LATTICES
PHASE DIAGRAMS
POTENTIAL ENERGY
POTENTIALS
TWO-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS
VORTICES