Relativistic resonances: Their masses, widths, lifetimes, superposition, and causal evolution

Journal Article · Fri Apr 15 04:00:00 EDT 2005 · Physical Review. D, Particles Fields

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.085018· OSTI ID:20709122

Bohm, Arno R; Sato, Yoshihiro ^[1]

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1. Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081 (United States)

Whether one starts from the analytic S-matrix definition or the requirement of gauge-parameter independence in renormalization theory, a relativistic resonance is given by a pole at a complex value s{sub R} of the energy squared s. The complex number s{sub R} does not define the mass and the width separately, and the pole definition alone is also not sufficient to describe the interference of two or more Breit-Wigner resonances as observed in experiments. To achieve this and obtain a unified theory of relativistic resonances and decay, we invoke the decaying particle aspect of a resonance and associate to each pole a space of relativistic Gamow kets. The Gamow kets transform irreducibly under causal Poincare transformations and have an exponential time evolution. Therefore one can choose of the many possible width parameters, the width {gamma}{sub R} of the relativistic resonance such that the lifetime {tau}=({Dirac_h}/2{pi})/{gamma}{sub R}. This leads to the parametrization s{sub R}=(M{sub R}-i{gamma}{sub R}/2){sup 2} and uniquely defines these (M{sub R},{gamma}{sub R}) as the mass and width parameters for a resonance. Further it leads to the following new results: Two poles in the same partial wave are given by the sum of two Breit-Wigner amplitudes and by a superposition of two Gamow vectors with each Gamow vector corresponding to one Breit-Wigner amplitude. In addition to the sum of Breit-Wigner amplitudes, the scattering amplitude contains a background amplitude representing direct production of the final state (contact terms). This contact amplitude is associated to a background vector representing the nonexponential energy continuum; omitting it gives the two interfering exponentials of the Weisskopf-Wigner methods. To accomplish all this required a minor modification in the foundation of quantum theory, which led to a quantum theory that contains the time asymmetry of causality.

• OSTI ID: 20709122
• Journal Information: Physical Review. D, Particles Fields, Journal Name: Physical Review. D, Particles Fields Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 71; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 0556-2821
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
ASYMMETRY
BREIT-WIGNER FORMULA
CAUSALITY
INTERFERENCE
LIFETIME
PARTIAL WAVES
PARTICLE DECAY
PARTICLE WIDTHS
PEIERLS METHOD
QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
RELATIVISTIC RANGE
RENORMALIZATION
RESONANCE PARTICLES
REST MASS
S MATRIX
SCATTERING AMPLITUDES
VECTORS