Fungible dynamics: There are only two types of entangling multiple-qubit interactions

Journal Article · Thu Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 2004 · Physical Review. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.69.012313· OSTI ID:20640593

Bremner, Michael J; Dodd, Jennifer L ^[1]; Nielsen, Michael A ^[1]; Bacon, Dave ^[2]

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1. School of Physical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072 (Australia)
2. Institute for Quantum Information, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 (United States)

What interactions are sufficient to simulate arbitrary quantum dynamics in a composite quantum system? It has been shown that all two-body Hamiltonian evolutions can be simulated using any fixed two-body entangling n-qubit Hamiltonian and fast local unitaries. By entangling we mean that every qubit is coupled to every other qubit, if not directly, then indirectly via intermediate qubits. We extend this study to the case where interactions may involve more than two qubits at a time. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for an arbitrary n-qubit Hamiltonian to be dynamically universal, that is, able to simulate any other Hamiltonian acting on n qubits, possibly in an inefficient manner. We prove that an entangling Hamiltonian is dynamically universal if and only if it contains at least one coupling term involving an even number of interacting qubits. For odd entangling Hamiltonians, i.e., Hamiltonians with couplings that involve only an odd number of qubits, we prove that dynamic universality is possible on an encoded set of n-1 logical qubits. We further prove that an odd entangling Hamiltonian can simulate any other odd Hamiltonian and classify the algebras that such Hamiltonians generate. Thus, our results show that up to local unitary operations, there are only two fundamentally different types of entangling Hamiltonian on n qubits. We also demonstrate that, provided the number of qubits directly coupled by the Hamiltonian is bounded above by a constant, our techniques can be made efficient.

• OSTI ID: 20640593
• Journal Information: Physical Review. A, Journal Name: Physical Review. A Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 69; ISSN 1050-2947; ISSN PLRAAN
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
ALGEBRA
CORRELATIONS
COUPLING
ENERGY LEVELS
HAMILTONIANS
INFORMATION THEORY
QUANTUM MECHANICS
TWO-BODY PROBLEM