Laser-direct-drive fusion target design with a high-Z gradient-density pusher shell

Hu, Suxing X.; Ceurvorst, L.; Peebles, J. L.; Mao, A.; Li, P.; Lu, Y.; Shvydky, A.; Goncharov, V. N.; Epstein, R.; Nichols, K. A.; Goshadze, R. N.; Ghosh, M.; Hinz, J.; Karasiev, V. V.; Zhang, S.; Shaffer, N. R.; Mihaylov, D. I.; Cappelletti, J.; Harding, D. R.; Li, C. K.; Campbell, E. M.; Shah, R. C.; Collins, T. J. B.; Regan, S. P.; Deeney, C.

doi:10.1103/physreve.108.035209

Title: Laser-direct-drive fusion target design with a high- Z gradient-density pusher shell

Journal Article · Tue Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Physical Review. E

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.108.035209· OSTI ID:2008301

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Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
MCM Consulting, San Diego, CA (United States)

Laser-direct-drive fusion target designs with solid deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel, a high-Z gradient-density pusher shell (GDPS), and a Au-coated foam layer have been investigated through both 1D and 2D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. Compared with conventional low-Z ablators and DT-push-on-DT targets, these GDPS targets possess certain advantages of being instability-resistant implosions that can be high adiabat (α ≥ 8) and low hot-spot and pusher-shell convergence (CR_hs ≈ 22 and CR_PS ≈ 17), and have a low implosion velocity (v_imp < 3 × 10⁷ cm/s). Using symmetric drive with laser energies of 1.9 to 2.5 MJ, 1D LILAC simulations of these GDPS implosions can result in neutron yields corresponding to >~50–MJ energy, even with reduced laser absorption due to the cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) effect. Two-dimensional DRACO simulations show that these GDPS targets can still ignite and deliver neutron yields from 4 to ~10 MJ even if CBET is present, while traditional DT-push-on-DT targets normally fail due to the CBET-induced reduction of ablation pressure. If CBET is mitigated, these GDPS targets are expected to produce neutron yields of >20 MJ at a driven laser energy of ~2 MJ. Here are the key factors behind the robust ignition and moderate energy gain of such GDPS implosions are as follows: (1) The high initial density of the high-Z pusher shell can be placed at a very high adiabat while the DT fuel is maintained at a relatively low-entropy state; therefore, such implosions can still provide enough compression ρR >1 g/cm² for sufficient confinement; (2) the high-Z layer significantly reduces heat-conduction loss from the hot spot since thermal conductivity scales as ~1/Z; and (3) possible radiation trapping may offer an additional advantage for reducing energy loss from such high-Z targets.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003856

OSTI ID:: 2008301

Journal Information:: Physical Review. E, Vol. 108, Issue 3; ISSN 2470-0045

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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