A clean ballistic quantum point contact in strontium titanate

Mikheev, Evgeny; Rosen, Ilan T.; Kombe, Johannes; Damanet, François; Kastner, Marc A.; Goldhaber-Gordon, David

doi:10.1038/s41928-023-00981-5

A clean ballistic quantum point contact in strontium titanate

Journal Article · Thu Jun 22 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Nature Electronics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-023-00981-5· OSTI ID:2006448

^[1]; Rosen, Ilan T. ^[2]; Kombe, Johannes ^[3]; Damanet, François ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[6]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Univ. of Cincinnati, OH (United States); SLAC
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Univ. of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Liege, (Belgium)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

The perovskite oxide strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) combines electrostatic tunability, superconductivity and spin–orbit coupling, and is of potential use in the development of quantum devices. However, exploring quantum effects in SrTiO₃ nanostructures is challenging because of the presence of disorder. Here, in this work, we report high-mobility, gate-tunable devices in SrTiO₃ that have ballistic constrictions and clean normal-state conductance quantization. Our devices are based on SrTiO₃ two-dimensional electron gas channels that have a thin hafnium oxide barrier layer between the channel and an ionic liquid gate. Conductance plateaus show twofold degeneracy that persists for magnetic fields of at least 5 T. This is above what is expected from the g factors extracted at high fields and could be a signature of electron pairing extending outside the superconducting regime.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 2006448

Journal Information:: Nature Electronics, Journal Name: Nature Electronics Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 6; ISSN 2520-1131

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (69)

Multiband Effects in the Superconducting Phase Diagram of Oxide Interfaces Jouan, Alexis; Hurand, Simon; Singh, Gyanendra Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202201392	journal	September 2022
Superconductivity in dilute SrTiO 3 : A review Gastiasoro, Maria N.; Ruhman, Jonathan; Fernandes, Rafael M. Annals of Physics, Vol. 417 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2020.168107	journal	June 2020
Quantum longitudinal and Hall transport at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface at low electron densities Xie, Yanwu; Bell, Christopher; Kim, Minu Solid State Communications, Vol. 197 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2014.08.006	journal	November 2014
Nanoscale Electrostatic Control of Oxide Interfaces Goswami, Srijit; Mulazimoglu, Emre; Vandersypen, Lieven M. K. Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00216	journal	March 2015
Side Gate Tunable Josephson Junctions at the LaAlO ₃ /SrTiO ₃ Interface Monteiro, A. M. R. V. L.; Groenendijk, D. J.; Manca, N. Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03820	journal	January 2017
Proximity Effect Transfer from NbTi into a Semiconductor Heterostructure via Epitaxial Aluminum Drachmann, A. C. C.; Suominen, H. J.; Kjaergaard, M. Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04964	journal	January 2017
Quantized Ballistic Transport of Electrons and Electron Pairs in LaAlO ₃ /SrTiO ₃ Nanowires Annadi, Anil; Cheng, Guanglei; Lee, Hyungwoo Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01614	journal	June 2018
Transport Studies of Epi-Al/InAs Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Systems for Required Building-Blocks in Topological Superconductor Networks Lee, Joon Sue; Shojaei, Borzoyeh; Pendharkar, Mihir Nano Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00494	journal	March 2019
Band-Order Anomaly at the γ-Al₂O₃/SrTiO₃ Interface Drives the Electron-Mobility Boost Chikina, Alla; Christensen, Dennis V.; Borisov, Vladislav ACS Nano, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c07609	journal	March 2021
Disorder from the Bulk Ionic Liquid in Electric Double Layer Transistors Petach, Trevor A.; Reich, Konstantin V.; Zhang, Xiao ACS Nano, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b03864	journal	August 2017
Observation of a quarter of an electron charge at the ν = 5/2 quantum Hall state Dolev, M.; Heiblum, M.; Umansky, V. Nature, Vol. 452, Issue 7189 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06855	journal	April 2008
Electron pairing without superconductivity Cheng, Guanglei; Tomczyk, Michelle; Lu, Shicheng Nature, Vol. 521, Issue 7551 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14398	journal	May 2015
Quantized conductance doubling and hard gap in a two-dimensional semiconductor–superconductor heterostructure Kjaergaard, M.; Nichele, F.; Suominen, H. J. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12841	journal	September 2016
A universal critical density underlying the physics of electrons at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface Joshua, Arjun; Pecker, S.; Ruhman, J. Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2116	journal	January 2012
A high-mobility electronic system at an electrolyte-gated oxide surface Gallagher, Patrick; Lee, Menyoung; Petach, Trevor A. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7437	journal	March 2015
Nanoscale control of an interfacial metal–insulator transition at room temperature Cen, C.; Thiel, S.; Hammerl, G. Nature Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2136	journal	March 2008
Extreme mobility enhancement of two-dimensional electron gases at oxide interfaces by charge-transfer-induced modulation doping Chen, Y. Z.; Trier, F.; Wijnands, T. Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4303	journal	June 2015
Transport and excitations in a negative-U quantum dot at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface Prawiroatmodjo, Guenevere E. D. K.; Leijnse, Martin; Trier, Felix Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00495-7	journal	August 2017
Transport regimes of a split gate superconducting quantum point contact in the two-dimensional LaAlO3/SrTiO3 superfluid Thierschmann, Holger; Mulazimoglu, Emre; Manca, Nicola Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04657-z	journal	June 2018
Aperiodic quantum oscillations in the two-dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface Rubi, Km; Gosteau, Julien; Serra, Raphaël npj Quantum Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-020-0210-z	journal	January 2020
Electrolyte-based ionic control of functional oxides Leighton, Chris Nature Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0246-7	journal	December 2018
Enhanced superconductivity and ferroelectric quantum criticality in plastically deformed strontium titanate Hameed, S.; Pelc, D.; Anderson, Z. W. Nature Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01102-3	journal	October 2021
Pre-formed Cooper pairs in copper oxides and LaAlO3—SrTiO3 heterostructures Božović, Ivan; Levy, Jeremy Nature Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0915-8	journal	July 2020
One-dimensional Kronig–Penney superlattices at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface Briggeman, Megan; Lee, Hyungwoo; Lee, Jung-Woo Nature Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01217-z	journal	April 2021
Majorana zero modes in superconductor–semiconductor heterostructures Lutchyn, R. M.; Bakkers, E. P. A. M.; Kouwenhoven, L. P. Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-018-0003-1	journal	May 2018
Evidence of topological superconductivity in planar Josephson junctions Fornieri, Antonio; Whiticar, Alexander M.; Setiawan, F. Nature, Vol. 569, Issue 7754 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1068-8	journal	April 2019
Quantized conductance in a one-dimensional ballistic oxide nanodevice Jouan, A.; Singh, G.; Lesne, E. Nature Electronics, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-020-0383-2	journal	March 2020
From Andreev to Majorana bound states in hybrid superconductor–semiconductor nanowires Prada, Elsa; San-Jose, Pablo; de Moor, Michiel W. A. Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-020-0228-y	journal	September 2020
Anisotropy of the superconducting transport properties of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface Reyren, N.; Gariglio, S.; Caviglia, A. D. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3100777	journal	March 2009
Gating of high-mobility InAs metamorphic heterostructures Shabani, J.; McFadden, A. P.; Shojaei, B. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4905370	journal	December 2014
Physics of SrTiO ₃ -based heterostructures and nanostructures: a review Pai, Yun-Yi; Tylan-Tyler, Anthony; Irvin, Patrick Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa892d	journal	February 2018
Transport properties of clean quantum point contacts Rössler, C.; Baer, S.; de Wiljes, E. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/13/11/113006	journal	November 2011
Moving beyond the Transmon: Noise-Protected Superconducting Quantum Circuits Gyenis, András; Di Paolo, Agustin; Koch, Jens PRX Quantum, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.2.030101	journal	September 2021
Transparent Semiconductor-Superconductor Interface and Induced Gap in an Epitaxial Heterostructure Josephson Junction Kjaergaard, M.; Suominen, H. J.; Nowak, M. P. Physical Review Applied, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.7.034029	journal	March 2017
Gate-defined quantum point contact in an InAs two-dimensional electron gas Mittag, Christopher; Karalic, Matija; Lei, Zijin Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.100.075422	journal	August 2019
Electronic transport in submicrometric channels at the LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3 interface Boselli, Margherita; Scheerer, Gernot; Filippone, Michele Physical Review B, Vol. 103, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.075431	journal	February 2021
Spin-orbit-assisted electron pairing in one-dimensional waveguides Damanet, François; Mansfield, Elliott; Briggeman, Megan Physical Review B, Vol. 104, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.104.125103	journal	September 2021
Quantized transmission of a saddle-point constriction Büttiker, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 41, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.41.7906	journal	April 1990
Quantum ballistic and adiabatic electron transport studied with quantum point contacts van Wees, B. J.; Kouwenhoven, L. P.; Willems, E. M. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 43, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.43.12431	journal	May 1991
Quantum electronic transport through three-dimensional microconstrictions with variable shapes Scherbakov, A. G.; Bogachek, E. N.; Landman, Uzi Physical Review B, Vol. 53, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.53.4054	journal	February 1996
Two-dimensional electron gas in δ-dopedSrTiO3 Jalan, Bharat; Stemmer, Susanne; Mack, Shawn Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.081103	journal	August 2010
Gate-tuned superfluid density at the superconducting LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface Bert, Julie A.; Nowack, Katja C.; Kalisky, Beena Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.060503	journal	August 2012
Theory of the SrTiO 3 surface state two-dimensional electron gas Khalsa, Guru; MacDonald, A. H. Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.125121	journal	September 2012
Transconductance and effective Landé factors for quantum point contacts: Spin-orbit coupling and interaction effects Kolasiński, K.; Mreńca-Kolasińska, A.; Szafran, B. Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.035304	journal	January 2016
Evidence of weak superconductivity at the room-temperature grown LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3 interface Prawiroatmodjo, G. E. D. K.; Trier, F.; Christensen, D. V. Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.184504	journal	May 2016
Tunneling into a quantum confinement created by a single-step nanolithography of conducting oxide interfaces Maniv, E.; Ron, A.; Goldstein, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.045120	journal	July 2016
Variation in superconducting transition temperature due to tetragonal domains in two-dimensionally doped SrTiO 3 Noad, Hilary; Spanton, Eric M.; Nowack, Katja C. Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.174516	journal	November 2016
Signatures of unconventional superconductivity in the LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3 two-dimensional system Stornaiuolo, D.; Massarotti, D.; Di Capua, R. Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.140502	journal	April 2017
Magnetic field inducing Zeeman splitting and anomalous conductance reduction of half-integer quantized plateaus in InAs quantum wires Matsuo, Sadashige; Kamata, Hiroshi; Baba, Shoji Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.201404	journal	November 2017
Superfluid density and carrier concentration across a superconducting dome: The case of strontium titanate Collignon, Clément; Fauqué, Benoît; Cavanna, Antonella Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.224506	journal	December 2017
Tuning Spin-Orbit Coupling and Superconductivity at the SrTiO 3 / LaAlO 3 Interface: A Magnetotransport Study Ben Shalom, M.; Sachs, M.; Rakhmilevitch, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.126802	journal	March 2010
Two-Dimensional Quantum Oscillations of the Conductance at LaAlO3/SrTiO3Interfaces Caviglia, A. D.; Gariglio, S.; Cancellieri, C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 23, Article No. 236802 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.236802	journal	December 2010
One-Dimensional Quantum Wire Formed at the Boundary between Two Insulating LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3 Interfaces Ron, A.; Dagan, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.136801	journal	March 2014
Characterization of Spin-Orbit Interactions of GaAs Heavy Holes Using a Quantum Point Contact Nichele, Fabrizio; Chesi, Stefano; Hennel, Szymon Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.046801	journal	July 2014
Semiconductor-Nanowire-Based Superconducting Qubit Larsen, T. W.; Petersson, K. D.; Kuemmeth, F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.127001	journal	September 2015
Realization of Microwave Quantum Circuits Using Hybrid Superconducting-Semiconducting Nanowire Josephson Elements de Lange, G.; van Heck, B.; Bruno, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.127002	journal	September 2015
Quantization of Hall Resistance at the Metallic Interface between an Oxide Insulator and SrTiO 3 Trier, Felix; Prawiroatmodjo, Guenevere E. D. K.; Zhong, Zhicheng Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.096804	journal	August 2016
Zeeman Splitting in Ballistic Hole Quantum Wires Danneau, R.; Klochan, O.; Clarke, W. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.026403	journal	July 2006
g -factors in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 quantum dots Bjørlig, Anders V.; Carrad, Damon J.; Prawiroatmodjo, Guenevere E. D. K. Physical Review Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.122001	journal	December 2020
Physical mechanisms for zero-bias conductance peaks in Majorana nanowires Pan, Haining; Das Sarma, S. Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013377	journal	March 2020
Quantized critical supercurrent in SrTiO ₃ -based quantum point contacts Mikheev, Evgeny; Rosen, Ilan T.; Goldhaber-Gordon, David Science Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi6520	journal	October 2021
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films Novoselov, K. S. Science, Vol. 306, Issue 5696, p. 666-669 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896	journal	October 2004
Quasi-Particle Properties from Tunneling in the Formula Fractional Quantum Hall State Radu, I. P.; Miller, J. B.; Marcus, C. M. Science, Vol. 320, Issue 5878 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157560	journal	May 2008
Pascal conductance series in ballistic one-dimensional LaAlO ₃ /SrTiO ₃ channels Briggeman, Megan; Tomczyk, Michelle; Tian, Binbin Science, Vol. 367, Issue 6479 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6467	journal	February 2020
Two-dimensional superconductivity and anisotropic transport at KTaO ₃ (111) interfaces Liu, Changjiang; Yan, Xi; Jin, Dafei Science, Vol. 371, Issue 6530 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba5511	journal	January 2021
Materials challenges and opportunities for quantum computing hardware de Leon, Nathalie P.; Itoh, Kohei M.; Kim, Dohun Science, Vol. 372, Issue 6539 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2823	journal	April 2021
Electric field control of superconductivity at the LaAlO ₃ /KTaO ₃ (111) interface Chen, Zheng; Liu, Yuan; Zhang, Hui Science, Vol. 372, Issue 6543 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3848	journal	May 2021
Metallicity and Superconductivity in Doped Strontium Titanate Collignon, Clément; Lin, Xiao; Rischau, Carl Willem Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013144	journal	March 2019
Data for "Clean ballistic quantum point contact in SrTiO3" Mikheev, Evgeny; Rosen, Ilan T.; Kastner, Marc A. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590921	dataset	January 2021

Similar Records

Quantized critical supercurrent in SrTiO₃-based quantum point contacts

Journal Article · Thu Sep 30 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · Science Advances · OSTI ID:1813036

XANES study of Fe-implanted strontium titanate

Journal Article · Mon Mar 31 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · AIP Conference Proceedings · OSTI ID:22265949

On the sol-gel synthesis of strontium-titanate thin films and the prospects of their use in electronics

Journal Article · Sun Dec 14 23:00:00 EST 2014 · Semiconductors · OSTI ID:22300396

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
superconducting devices
surfaces
interfaces and thin films

A clean ballistic quantum point contact in strontium titanate

Citation Formats

References (69)

Similar Records

Related Subjects